艾比湖地区冻融作用对梭梭群落土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 冻融作用对酶和微生物活性具有重要影响,进而影响植物群落的生长发育。为深入了解荒漠优势种梭梭群落冬季土壤生态过程,于2012年10月~2013年10月,对土壤冻融期、冻结期、融冻期和生长季的艾比湖典型样地进行野外实地观测、采样和室内分析。通过对比分析不同冻融阶段土壤含水量、pH值、有机质、全氮、酶活性和微生物数量的变化特征。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量,融冻期 >冻结期 >冻融期 >生长季,土壤pH值,生长季 >融冻期 >冻融期 >冻结期,各土层土壤含水量以浅层土表现最为显著(P <0.05),不同冻融阶段各土层pH值差异性较大,冻融期、冻结期和生长季表层土壤pH值较大,融冻期浅层土壤pH值较大。(2)土壤有机质和全氮含量的波动状况相似,分别在融冻期和生长季呈现波峰和波谷,不同土层间全氮和有机质含量差异性较小,以冻融期和生长季表现最为显著(P <0.05)。(3)土壤酶活性的变化中,过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蛋白酶在融冻期含量最大,冻融期次之,蔗糖酶在冻结期活性最大,土壤微生物数量的变化以融冻期最大,除此之外,各冻融阶段细菌和放线菌占主导,真菌含量相对较少。(4)冻融循环次数分布于冻融期和融冻期,对土壤酶活性和微生物数量具有一定的影响,致使融冻期土壤各因子大于冻融期。

关键词: 冻融作用, 梭梭, 土壤酶活性, 微生物数量

Abstract: Freeze-thaw action has an important influence on enzyme and microbial activity,and further affects the growth and development of phytocoenosium. To gain an insight into the winter soil ecological process of Haloxylon ammodendron community-a dominant species in desert,field observation,sampling and indoor analysis were each carried out on a typical sample plot at Ebinur Lake in soil freeze thawing period,freezing period,thaw freezing period and growing season from October,2012 to October,2013. By comparatively analyze the change features of the soil moisture content,pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,enzymatic activity and microbial biomass during different freeze thawing stages,this study got results as follows:(1)For soil moisture content,it shows:thaw freezing period >freezing period >freeze thawing period >growing season;and for soil pH value, growing season >thaw freezing period >freeze thawing period >freezing period. As for the soil moisture content in each soil layer,shallow soil was the most significant(P <0.05). The pH values of the soil layers during different freeze thawing stages were quite different,the pH value of the surface soil was larger during freeze thawing period,freezing period and growing season,and the pH value of shallow soil was larger during thaw freezing period.(2)The fluctuations of soil organic matter and total nitrogen content were similar,and the wave crest and wave trough appeared in the freeze thawing period and growing season,respectively. Differences of total nitrogen content and organic matter content among different soil layers are relatively small,and are most significant in the freeze thawing period and growing season(P <0.05);(3)For the changes of soil enzyme activity,the maximum content of catalase,urease and protease occurred in thaw freezing period,followed by freeze thawing period;sucrose was most active during freezing period,and the soil microbial biomass changed to maximum during thaw freezing period. In addition,bacteria and actinomycetes dominated all the freeze thawing stages,and fungus content was relatively small.(4)Cycle-index of freezing and thawing distributed during freeze thawing period and thaw freezing period,which had a certain influence on soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass,leading to a result that the soil factors were larger during thaw freezing period than that during freeze thawing period. This paper discussed and analyzed the changes of soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass of the constructive species-Haloxylon ammodendron community in the Ebinur Lake area during different freeze thawing periods,which is conducive to understanding the response mechanism of various lake wetland soil factors in the inland arid region to freeze-thaw action under the background of climate warming,so as to provide theoretical basis for restoration and improvement of lake basins in arid region.

Key words: freeze-thaw action, Haloxylon ammodendron, soil enzyme activity, microbial quantity

中图分类号:

S154.34

马晓飞, 楚新正, 马倩. 艾比湖地区冻融作用对梭梭群落土壤酶活性及微生物数量的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1190-1201.

MA Xiao-fei, CHU Xin-zheng, MA Qian. Soil enzyme activity and microbial biomass of Haloxylon ammodendron community under freeze-thaw action[J]. , 2015, 38(6): 1190-1201.

参考文献

[1] 王娇月,宋长春,王宪伟,等.冻融作用对土壤有机碳库及微生物的影响研究进展[J].冰川冻土, 2011, 33(2):442-452.[WANG Jiaoyue, SONG Changchun, WANG Xianwei, et al. Progress in the study of effect of free-thaw processes on the organic carbon pool and microorganisms in soils[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(2):442-452.]

[2] 王洋,刘景双,王国平,等.冻融作用与土壤理化效应的关系研究[J].地理与地理信息科学, 2007, 23(2):91-96.[WANG Yang, LIU Jingshuang, WANG Guoping, et al. Study on the effect of freezing and thawing action to soil physical and chemical characteristics[J]. Geography and Geo-Information Science, 2007, 23(2):91-96.]

[3] 谭波.季节性冻融对川西亚高山/高山森林土壤动物群落的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学, 2010.[TAN Bo. SOIL fauna community in the Subalpine/Alpine forests of western Sichuan as affected by seasonal freeze-thaw[D]. Ya'an:Sichuan Agricultural University, 2010.]

[4] 靳正忠,雷加强,徐新文,等.沙漠腹地咸水滴灌林地土壤养分、微生物数量和酶活性的典型相关关系[J].土壤学报, 2008, 45(6):1119-1127.[JIN Zhengzhong, LEI Jiaqiang, XU Xinwen, et al. Canonical correlations of soil nutrients, microbial biomass and enzyme activity of forest land drip-irrigated with saline water in the hinterland of Taklimakan Desert[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008, 45(6):1119-1127.]

[5] BREMNER J M, ZANTUAM I. Enzyme activity in soils at subzero temperatures[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 1975, 7:383-387.

[6] 汤洁,梁爽,张豪,等.吉林西部盐碱水田区冻融期土壤水盐运移特征及酶活性变化[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2014, 44(2):636-644.[TANG Jie, LIANG Shuang, ZHANG Hao, et al. Study on the characteristics of water-salt transfer and enzyme activity variations during freeze-thaw period of the saline-alkaline paddy soil in western Jilin Province[J]. Journal of Jilin University:Earth Science Edition, 2014, 44(2):636-644.]

[7] 于济通,陶佳慧,马小凡,等.冻融作用下模拟氮沉降对土壤酶活性与土壤无机氮含量的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(3):518-523.[YÜ Jitong, TAO Jiahui, MA Xiaofan, et al. Effect of simulated nitrogen deposition on enzymatic activities and inorganic nitrogen contents in soil during freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(3):518-523.]

[8] 谯兴国,李法云,张营,等.冻融作用对石油污染土壤酶活性和水溶性碳的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2008, 27(3):914-919.[QIAO Xingguo, LI Fayun, ZHANG Ying, et al. The effect of freezing and thawing on enzyme activity and dissolved organic carbon in petroleum contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2008, 27(3):914-919.]

[9] 任伊宾,任南琪,李志强.冻融对小兴安岭湿地土壤微生物碳氮和氮转换的影响[J].哈尔滨工程大学学报, 2013, 34(4):530-535.[REN Yibin, REN Nanqi, LI Zhiqiang. Effect of freeze-thaw cycles on soil microbial carbon, nitrogen and nitrogen conversion in Xiaoxin'anling boreal wetland of China[J]. Journal of Harbin Engineering University, 2013, 34(4):530-535.]

[10] 杨思忠,金会军.冻融作用对冻土区微生物生理和生态的影响[J].生态学报, 2008, 28(10):5065-5074.[YANG Sizhong, JIN Huijun. Physiological and ecological effects of freezing and thawing processes on microorganisms in seasonally-froze ground and in permafrost[J]. Acta Ecologica sinica, 2008, 28(10):5065-5074.]

[11] 杨思忠,金全会,魏智,等.微生物对冻土生境的适应以及对全球变化和寒区工程扰动的响应:进展与展望[J].冰川冻土, 2007, 29(2):279-285.[YANG Sizhong, JIN Huijun, Wei Zhi, et al. Microbial adaptation to the habitat of permafrost and their responses to global change and engineering disturbance in cold regions:advances and prospects[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(2):279-285.]

[12] 王连峰,蔡延江,解宏图.冻融作用下土壤物理和微生物性状变化与氧化亚氮排放的关系[J].应用生态学报, 2007, 18(10):2361-2366.[WANG Lianfeng, CAI Yanjiang, XIE Hongtu. Relationships of soil physical and microbial properties with nitrous oxide emission under effects of freezing-thawing cycles[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(10):2361-2366.]

[13] 杜子银,蔡延江,王小丹,等.土壤冻融作用对植物生理生态影响研究进展[J].中国生态农业学报, 2014, 22(1):1-9.[DU Ziyin, CAI Yanjiang, WANG Xiaodan, et al. Research progress on the effects of soil freeze-thaw on plant physiology and ecology[J]. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture, 2014, 22(1):1-9.]

[14] MIKAN C J, SCHIMEL J P, DOYLE A P. Temperature control of microbial respiration in arctic tundra soil above and below freezing[J]. Soil & Biochemistry, 2002, 34:1785-1795.

[15] SOMMERFELD R A, MOSIER A R, MUSSELMAN R C. CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O flux through a Wyoming snowpack and implications for global budgets[J]. Nature, 1993, 361:140-142.

[16] IVARSON K C, SOWDEN F J. Effects of soil action and storage of soil at freezing temperatures on the free amino acids, free sugar and respiratory activity of soil[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1970, 59:191-198.

[17] 和文祥,朱铭莪,张一平.土壤酶与重金属关系的研究现状[J].土壤与环境, 2000, 9(2):139-142.[HEWenxiang, ZHU Minge, ZHANG Yiping. Recent advance in relationship between soil enzymes and heavy metals[J]. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2000, 9(2):139-142.]

[18] 关松荫,张德生,张志明.土壤酶及其研究方法[M].北京:农业出版社, 1986.[GUAN Songyin, ZHANG Desheng, ZHANG Zhiming. Studies on soil enzymes and methods[M]. Beijing:Agricultural Press, 1986.]

[19] 秦璐,吕光辉,何学敏.艾比湖地区冻融作用对土壤微生物数量和群落结构的影响[J].冰川冻土, 2013, 35(6):1590-1599.[QIN Lu, LÜ Guanghui, HE Xuemin. Effects of freezing-thawing on soil microbial quantity and community structure around the Ebinur Lake[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2013, 35(6):1590-1599.]

[20] 秦璐,吕光辉,何学敏,等.艾比湖地区土壤呼吸对季节性冻土厚度变化的响应[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(22):7259-7269.[QIN Lu, LÜ Guanghui, HE Xuemin, et al.Responses of soil respiration to changes in depth of seasonal frozen soil in Ebinur Lake area, arid area of Northwest China[J]. Acta Ecologica sinica, 2013, 33(22):7259-7269.]

[21] JONES H G. Snow ecology:an Interdisciplinary examination of snow-covered ecosystems[M]. New York:Cambridge University Press, 2001:1-302.

[22] KONESTABO H S, MICHELSEN A, HOLMSTRUP M. Responses of springtail and mite populations to prolonged periods of soil freeze-thaw cycles in a subarctic ecosystem[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2007, 36(2/3):136-146.

[23] 中国科学院南京土壤研究所.土壤理化分析[M].上海:上海科学技术出版社, 1977.[Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Soil physical and chemical analysis[M]. Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press, 1977.]

[24] 沈萍,范秀容,李广武.微生物学实验[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2003.[SHENG Ping, FAN Xiurong, LI Guangwu. Microbiology experiment[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2003.]

[25] 刘文杰,苏永中,杨荣,等.黑河中游临泽绿洲农田土壤有机质时空变化特征[J].干旱区地理, 2010, 33(2):170-176.[LIU Wenjie, SU Yonghe, YANG Rong, et al. Characteristics of spatio-temporal changes of soil organic matter in typical oasis croplands of Linze County at middle reaches of Heihe River[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2010, 33(2):170-176.]

[26] 辛颖,聂立水,张志毅,等.鲁西平原毛白杨造林地土壤全氮空间变异性研究[J].土壤通报, 2011, 42(1):98-102.[XIN Ying, NIE Lishui, ZHANG Zhiyi, et al. Study on the spatial variability of soil total nitrogen in Populus tomentosa planted land in western plain of Shandong Province[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2011, 42(1):98-102.]

[27] 卫天业,张鹏,杨成元,等.长期定位施有机肥对西北半干旱区土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农业学报, 2015, 24(1):130-136.[WEI Tianye, ZHANG Peng, YANG Chengyuan, et al. Effect of long-term located organic fertilization on soil enzyme activity in semi-arid areas of northwest China[J]. Acta Agriculture Boreali-occidentalis Sinica, 2015, 24(1):130-136.]

[28] 林娜,刘勇,李国雷,等.森林土壤酶研究进展[J].世界林业研究, 2010, 23(4):21-25.[LIN Na, LIU Yong, LI Guolei, et al. Research progress on forest soil enzyme[J]. World Forestry Research, 2010, 23(4):21-25.]

[29] DARI K, BECHET M, BLONDEAU R. Isolation of soil sterptomyces strains capable of degrading humic acids and analysis of their peroxidase activity[J]. FEMS Microbiol Ecol, 1995, 16:115-122.

[30] KAMIMURA Y, HAYANO K. Properties of protease extracted from tea-field soil[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 2000, 30:351-355.

[31] FRANKENBERGER W T, DICK W A. Relationships between enzyme activities and microbial growth and activity indices in soil[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1983, 47(5):945-951.

[32] 王银山,张燕,谢辉,等.艾比湖湿地不同盐碱环境土壤微生物群落特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2009, 23(5):133-137.[WANG Yinshan, ZHANG Yan, XIE Hui, et al. The analysis of char-acteristics of the soil microorganisms in different saline and alkali environment in Aibi Lake Wetland[J]. Journal of Arid Land Re-sources and Environment, 2009, 23(5):133-137.]

[33] 曾小龙.桉树林地土壤酶特性研究进展[J].广东教育学院学报, 2009, 29(5):97-103.[ZENG Xiaolong. The research progress for soil enzyme properties of eucalyptus forest[J]. Journal of Guangdong Education Institute, 2009, 29(5):97-103.]

[34] 李国雷,刘勇,甘敬,等.飞播油松林地土壤酶活性对间伐强度的季节响应[J].北京林业大学学报, 2008, 30(2):82-88.[LI Guolei, LIU Yong, GAN Jing, et al. Seasonal response of soil enzyme activity to thinning intensity in aerial seeding Pinus tabularformis stands[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2008, 30(2):82-88.]

[35] 刘帅,于贵瑞,浅沼顺,等.蒙古高原中部草地土壤冻融过程及土壤含水量分布[J].土壤学报, 2009, 46(1):46-51.[LIU Shuai, YÜ Guirui, QIAN Zhaoshun, et al. The thawing-freezing processes and soil moisture distribution of the steppe in central Mongolian Plateau[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2009, 46(1):46-51.]

[36] FREPPAZ M, WILLIAMS B L, EDWARDS A C, et al. Simulating soil freeze/thaw cycles typical of winter alpine conditions:implications for N and P availability[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 2007, 35(1):247-255.

[37] 李丛娟,徐新文,孙永强,等.不同生境下三种荒漠植物叶片及土壤C、N、P的化学计量特征[J].干旱区地理, 2014, 37(5):996-1004.[LI Congjuan, XU Xinwen, SUN Yongqiang, et al. Stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, P for three desert plants leaf and soil at different habitats[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37(5):996-1004.]

[38] 赵满兴,周建斌,陈竹君,等.有机肥中可溶性有机碳、氮含量及其特征[J].生态学报, 2007, 27(1):397-403.[ZHAO Manxing, ZHOU Jianbin, CHEN Zhujun, et al. Concentration and characteristic of soluble organic nitrogen(SON)and carbon(SOC)in different types of organic manures[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2007, 27(1):397-403.]

[39] 魏丽红.冻融作用对土壤理化及生物学性质的影响综述[J].安徽农业科学, 2009, 37(11):5054-5057.[WEI Lihong. Review on the effects of freezing and thawing on the physiochemical and biological properties of soil[J]. Journal of Anhui Agri Sci, 2009, 37(11):5054-5057.]

[40] 李娜.冻融作用对吉林西部典型土壤碳氮酶的影响机制及温室气体排放研究[D].长春:吉林大学, 2012.[LI Na. Mechanism of soil organic carbon/total nitrogen/soil enzymes and greenhouse gas emissions during freezing-thawing period in western Jilin[D]. Changchun:Jilin University, 2012.]

[41] WANG F L, BETTANY R. Influence of freeze-thaw and flooding on the loss of soluble organic carbon and carbon dioxide from soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 1993, 22(4):709-714.

[42] SCHMEL J P, CLEN J Y. Microbial response to freeze-thaw cycles in Tundra and Taiga soils[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 1996, 28(8):1061-1066.

[43] 韩瑛.典型黑土区土壤温室气体排放特征研究[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学, 2014.[HAN Ying. The research of greenhouse gases emission characteristics in typical black soil[D]. Harbin:Northeast Forestry University, 2014.]

[44] 王娇月.冻融作用对大兴安岭多年冻土区泥炭地土壤有机碳的影响研究[D].北京:中国科学院研究生院, 2014.[WANG Jiaoyue. Effects of freezing-thawing cycles on soil organic carbon dynamics in the peatland ecosystem from continuous permafrost zone, Great Hinggan Moutains[D]. Beijing:University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2014.]

[45] 铁展畅,罗明,阿不都克尤木,等.塔吉克斯坦不同土地利用方式对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J].干旱区地理, 2014, 37(5):1019-1028.[TIE Zhanchang, LUO Ming, Abdukeyomu, et al. Effects of different land use types on diversity of microbial community function in Tajikistan[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37(5):1019-1028.]

[46] 管海英,王权,赵鑫,等.两周典型荒漠植被区土壤微生物数量碳的季节变化及影响因素分析[J].干旱区地理, 2015, 38(1):67-75.[GUAN Haiying, WANG Quan, ZHAO Xin, et al. Seasonal patterns of soil microbial biomass C and impacting factors in two typical arid desert vegetation regions[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(1):67-75.]

[47] 马志强,王秋兵,王帅,等.冻融作用对棕壤水溶性盐和土壤氧化物的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2015, 29(2):193-197.[MA Zhiqiang, WANG Qiubing, WANG Shuai, et al. Effects of freezing and thawing on water soluble salt and oxides of brown soil[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(2):193-197.]

[48] 于晓菲,王国平,吕宪国,等.冻融交替处理下湿地土壤可溶性铁的动态变化研究[J].环境科学, 2010, 31(5):1387-1394.[YÜ Xiaofei, WANG Guoping, LÜ Xianguo, et al. Dynamic change of dissolved iron in wetland soil solutions responding to freeze-thaw cycles[J]. Environmental Science, 2010, 31(5):1387-1394.]

[49] 章高森.青藏高原多年冻土区微生物多样性及其潜在应用的研究[D].兰州:兰州大学, 2007.[ZHANG Gaosen. Microbial diversity in the Qinghai-Tibet plateau permafrost region and its potential applications[D]. Lanzhou:Lanzhou University, 2007.]

[50] 柳春林,左伟英,赵增阳,等.鼎湖山不同演替阶段森林土壤细菌多样性[J].微生物学报, 2012, 52(12):1489-1496.[LIU Chunlin, ZUO Anying, ZHAO Zengyang, et al.Bacterial diversity of different successional stage forest soils in Dinghushan[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2012, 52(12):1489-1496.]

[51] OZTAS T, FAYETOBAY F. Effect of freezing and thawing processes on soil aggregate stability[J]. Catena, 2003, 52(1):1-8.

[52] 周璟,盛红梅,安黎哲.极端微生物的多样性及应用[J].冰川冻土, 2007, 29(2):286-291.[ZHOU Jing, SHENG Hongmei, AN Lizhe. Diversity of extremophilic miroorganisms and their applications[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2007, 29(2):286-291.]

[53] 王丽娟,孙栋元,赵成义,等.准噶尔盆地梭梭、白梭梭植物构型特征[J].生态学报, 2011, 31(17):4952-4960.[WANG Lijuan, SUN Dongyuan, ZHAO Chengyi, et al. Plant architecture characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum in Zhungar Basin[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(17):4952-4960.]