梭梭林土壤结皮发育对黄花补血草种子萌发和种群特征的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.03.25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过梭梭林下黄花补血草种群发育和土壤种子萌发动态的野外调查以及模拟土壤结皮、降水试验,研究了土壤结皮发育（无结皮覆盖土壤NSC、物理结皮覆盖的土壤PSC、生物结皮覆盖的土壤BSC)对其土壤种子萌发、幼苗死亡、种群特征的影响以及土壤结皮发育与模拟降水的相互作用,旨在为梭梭林下黄花补血草种群建植以及灌草结合的治沙模式提供理论依据。研究结果表明：（1）土壤结皮的发育可以促进黄花补血草土壤种子萌发,表现为BSC>PSC>NSC,且处理间差异极显著（P<0.01）;而种群密度则受到限制,NSC和PSC覆盖的土壤与BSC覆盖的土壤之间差异极显著（P<0.01）;种群的平均株高和冠幅逐渐增大,但差异不显著（P>0.05）。（2）在15 mm模拟降水条件下,土壤结皮发育对种群密度和土壤种子萌发均具有显著促进作用,具体表现为PSC>BSC>NSC,且差异极显著（P<0.01）,对种群的平均株高和冠幅没有显著影响（P>0.05）,而幼苗死亡率表现为NSC>BSC>PSC,且差异性极显著(P<0.01)。（3）随着模拟降水量的逐渐增加,3种土壤结皮覆盖的土壤种子萌发率逐渐增大,而其幼苗死亡率逐渐减小;而不同结皮间存在差异性,表现为土壤种子萌发率BSC>PSC>NSC,幼苗死亡率NSC>PSC>BSC。梭梭林下土壤结皮发育既增加了土壤表层水土环境的稳定性,又增加了黄花补血草土壤种子基数,有利于土壤种子萌发和种群的更新和发育,而模拟降水可有效改善土壤水分条件,特别是结皮层土壤水分,为黄花补血草土壤种子萌发和种群更新提供了必要的物质基础和环境条件。

关键词: 土壤结皮, 土壤种子萌发, 种群特征, 黄花补血草, 梭梭林

Abstract:

This study provides a theoretical basis for population establishment and desert control models combining shrubs and herbs by studying the effects of soil crust development and simulated precipitation on soil seed germination, seedling mortality, and plant population characteristics and interactions at Minqin County, Gansu Province, China. The plant populations analyzed included Limonium aureum and Haloxylon ammodendron, and the soil crust types evaluated included sandy soil without a soil crust (NSC), sandy soil with a physical crust (PSC), and sandy soil with a biological crust (BSC). The following results were obtained. (1) Soil crust development promoted the soil seed germination of L. aureum among the different soil crust types in the order of BSC>PSC>NSC. Differences among groups were extremely significant (P<0.01). When the population density was limited, the difference in soil seed germination between soils covered by NSC and PSC and that covered by BSC was extremely significant (P<0.01). The average height and crown width of the L. aureum population gradually increased but the difference between groups was not significant (P>0.05). (2) Under the condition of 15 mm of simulated precipitation, soil crust development revealed extremely significant effects on population density and soil seed germination in the order of PSC>BSC>NSC (P<0.01). However, no significant effect on the average height and crown width was observed (P>0.05). The mortality rate of seedlings showed the order NSC>BSC>PSC, and differences among the three soils were extremely significant (P<0.01). (3) Increases in simulated precipitation gradually increased the germination rate of soil seeds and gradually decreased the mortality rate of seedlings. The soil seed germination rate showed the order BSC>PSC>NSC, while the seedling mortality rate showed the order NSC>PSC>BSC. Taking the results together, the development of the soil crust under H. ammodendron plantations could not only enhance the stability of the water and soil environment on the soil surface but also increase the amount of soil seeds of L. aureum, which is beneficial to soil seed germination and population regeneration and development. In addition, simulated precipitation could effectively improve soil moisture conditions, especially in the soil crust layer, to provide the necessary material basis and environmental conditions for the soil seed germination and population regeneration of L. aureum.

Key words: soil crusts, seeds germination, population characteristics, Limonium aurenu, Haloxylon ammodendron plantations

李昌龙,吴昊,姜生秀,李得禄,王多泽,张立恒. 梭梭林土壤结皮发育对黄花补血草种子萌发和种群特征的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(3): 830-837.

LI Changlong,WU Hao,JIANG Shengxiu,LI Delu,WANG Duoze,ZHANG Liheng. Effects of soil crust development on seed germination and population characteristics of Limonium aureum under Haloxylon ammodendron plantations[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(3): 830-837.

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土壤结皮	种群密度/株·m^-2	株高/m	冠幅/m²	土壤种子萌发数/株·m^-2
NSC	0.7417±0.1974A	0.1110±0.0034a	0.0290±0.0006b	0.2833±0.0685C
PSC	0.8187±0.1281A	0.1508±0.0044a	0.0452±0.0019a	3.6625±0.0848B
BSC	0.0333±0.0028B	0.1575±0.0087a	0.0484±0.0023a	6.9083±0.1541A

土壤结皮	种群密度/株·m^-2	株高/m	冠幅/m²	土壤种子萌发数/株·m^-2
NSC	0.9375±0.1836C	0.1587±0.0031a	0.0349±0.0003a	5.8125±0.6523C
PSC	11.0667±1.9289A	0.1502±0.0040a	0.0353±0.0006a	90.1333±7.7333A
BSC	8.0000±2.2150B	0.1520±0.0036a	0.0422±0.0011a	33.1250±3.0156B