天山中部天山云杉林生态服务价值量化与空间分异研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.750

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (8): 1396-1405.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.750 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024750

天山中部天山云杉林生态服务价值量化与空间分异研究

孙玉博¹(), 赵善超², 王雅佩², 马晓丽¹, 陈玉雯¹, 黄选胜¹, 王卫霞¹()

1.新疆农业大学林学与风景园林学院/新疆教育厅干旱区林业生态与产业技术重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆维吾尔自治区林业和草原局天然林保护中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2024-12-10 修回日期:2025-01-26 出版日期:2025-08-25 发布日期:2025-08-21
通讯作者: 王卫霞（1981-），女，博士，副教授，主要从事森林生态与经营等方面研究. E-mail: wangweixia0993@163.com
作者简介:孙玉博（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事森林生态与经营等方面研究. E-mail: 15833873376@163.com
基金资助:
新疆自治区财政林业科技项目(新林规字〔2022〕9号)

Quantification and spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value of Picea schrenkiana forest in the central Tianshan Mountains

SUN Yubo¹(), ZHAO Shanchao², WANG Yapei², MA Xiaoli¹, CHEN Yuwen¹, HUANG Xuansheng¹, WANG Weixia¹()

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Department of Education Key Laboratory of Arid Land Forestry Ecology and Industrial Technology, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. Natural Forest Protection Center, Xinjiang Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-01-26 Published:2025-08-25 Online:2025-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以天山中部天山云杉林为研究对象，在功能价值法的基础上，利用Getis-Ord G_i*热点分析方法对天山中部天山云杉林生态服务价值空间格局进行定量可视化分析。结果表明：（1）天山中部天山云杉林生态服务功能总价值为96.09×10⁸元·a^-1，涵养水源、固碳释氧、保育土壤和生物多样性保护为主导功能。（2）各林龄的生态服务价值具体表现为中龄林最高，其次是近熟林、成熟林和幼龄林，过熟林价值最少，但过熟林的单位面积价值最高。（3）各林场的生态服务价值具体表现为南山林场最高，其次是呼图壁林场、板房沟林场、米泉林场，最后为新疆农业大学实习林场。（4）各林场之间森林生态系统服务功能价值具有明显聚集特征，热点区域集中在西南部的呼图壁林场与南山林场，冷点区域集中在东北部的米泉林场与板房沟林场。研究结果为区域生态资源优化管理和生态保护政策制定提供科学依据，并为天山森林生态系统的可持续发展提供理论支持。

关键词: 天山云杉林, 价值空间格局, 生态服务, 天山中部

Abstract:

This study examines the forest ecosystem of Picea schrenkiana in the central Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China. We used the functional value method and Getis-Ord G_i* hotspot analysis to quantify and visualize the spatial distribution of ecosystem service values. The results show that the total value of the ecosystem services of the Picea schrenkiana forests is 9.609 billion Yuan per year, with water conservation, carbon sequestration, oxygen release, soil conservation, and biodiversity protection as the dominant functions. Furthermore, ecosystem service value varies by age, with middle-aged forests valued the highest, followed by near-mature, mature, and young forests. Over-mature forests have the lowest total value but the highest per-unit area value. Among the forest farms, the one with the highest ecosystem service value is Nanshan Forest Farm, followed by Hutubi, Banfanggou, and Miquan Forest Farms, with the lowest value at the Xinjiang Agricultural University Practice Forest Farm. We observed significant spatial clustering of ecosystem service values across farms, with hotspots concentrated in the southwest at Hutubi and Nanshan Forest Farms. Cold spots are concentrated in the northeast at Miquan and Banfanggou Forest Farms. This study provides a scientific basis for optimizing regional ecological resource management, formulating ecological protection policy, and supporting the sustainable development of the Tianshan forest ecosystem.

Key words: Picea schrenkiana forest, spatial pattern of ecosystem service values, ecosystem services, central Tianshan Mountains

孙玉博, 赵善超, 王雅佩, 马晓丽, 陈玉雯, 黄选胜, 王卫霞. 天山中部天山云杉林生态服务价值量化与空间分异研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(8): 1396-1405.

SUN Yubo, ZHAO Shanchao, WANG Yapei, MA Xiaoli, CHEN Yuwen, HUANG Xuansheng, WANG Weixia. Quantification and spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value of Picea schrenkiana forest in the central Tianshan Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(8): 1396-1405.

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功能类型	森林生态功能	实物量指标	价值量指标
调节功能	涵养水源	调节水量	调节水量价值
	涵养水源	净化水质	净化水质价值
	保育土壤	固土量	固土价值
	保育土壤	保肥量	保肥价值
	固碳释氧	固碳量	固碳价值
	固碳释氧	释氧量	释氧价值
	积累营养物质	林木积累物质量	林木积累物质价值
	净化大气环境	提供负离子量	提供负离子价值
支持功能	生物多样性保护	物种多样性	生物多样性保护价值

参数名称	参数值	参数来源
水库建设单位库容造价	8.84元·m^-3	《中国水利年鉴》
挖取和运输单位面积土方所需费用	62.00元·m^-3	《中华人民共和国水利部水利建筑工程预算定额》
磷酸二铵化肥价格	3200.00元·t^-1	《中国农业信息网》
氯化钾化肥价格	2800.00元·t^-1	《中国农业信息网》
有机质价格	320.00元·t^-1	《中国农业信息网》
磷酸二铵含氮量	18.00%	化肥产品说明
磷酸二铵含磷量	46.01%	化肥产品说明
氯化钾含钾量	60.00%	化肥产品说明
水的净化费用	3.20元·t^-1	新疆政府网污水处理服务费中居民平均用水费用
氧气价格	1000.00元·t^-1	《中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会》
固碳价格	1093.00元·t^-1	采用瑞典的碳汇率每吨150 USD

服务功能	评价指标	物质量	单位面积物质量
涵养水源	调节水量	2.83×10⁸ m³·a^-1	2040.00 m³·hm^-2·a^-1
涵养水源	净化水质	2.83×10⁸ m³·a^-1	2040.00 m³·hm^-2·a^-1
保育土壤	固土	6.07×10⁶ t·a^-1	43.79 t·hm^-2·a^-1
	减少氮损失	2.79×10⁴ t·a^-1	0.21 t·hm^-2·a^-1
	减少磷损失	1.76×10⁴ t·a^-1	0.13 t·hm^-2·a^-1
	减少钾损失	1.24×10⁵ t·a^-1	0.89 t·hm^-2·a^-1
	减少有机质损失	3.07×10⁵ t·a^-1	2.21 t·hm^-2·a^-1
固碳释氧	固碳	1.21×10⁶ t·a^-1	8.74 t·hm^-2·a^-1
固碳释氧	释氧	1.86×10⁶ t·a^-1	13.42 t·hm^-2·a^-1
积累营养物质	氮固持	5.94×10³ t·a^-1	0.04 t·hm^-2·a^-1
	磷固持	8.29×10² t·a^-1	0.01 t·hm^-2·a^-1
	钾固持	4.57×10³ t·a^-1	0.03 t·hm^-2·a^-1
净化大气环境	提供负离子数	2.79×10²⁴个·a^-1	2.01×10¹⁹个·hm^-2·a^-1

林龄	面积/hm²	U₁	U₂	U₃	U₄	U₅	U₆	U_总	U_单/元·hm^-2·a^-1
幼龄林	4311.13	10.59	4.95	9.91	0.54	0.04	4.31	30.34	70021.05
中林龄	55454.47	136.21	59.99	127.44	7.01	0.74	55.45	386.84	69757.95
近熟林	50313.17	123.58	51.22	115.62	6.36	0.78	50.31	347.87	70090.85
成熟林	26039.74	63.96	24.44	59.84	3.29	0.41	26.04	177.98	70094.30
过熟林	2555.10	6.28	2.84	5.87	0.32	0.04	2.56	17.91	70102.73

林场	面积/hm²	U₁	U₂	U₃	U₄	U₅	U₆	U_总	U_单/元·hm^-2·a^-1
新疆农业大学实习林场	5670.52	13.93	8.28	13.03	0.72	0.08	5.67	41.71	73550.86
南山林场	57948.87	142.33	34.34	133.17	7.32	0.86	57.95	375.97	64878.71
板房沟林场	27885.95	68.49	40.72	64.08	3.52	0.39	27.89	205.09	73546.28
米泉林场	10104.79	24.82	5.99	23.22	1.28	0.15	10.10	65.56	64876.95
呼图壁林场	37063.48	91.03	54.12	85.17	4.68	0.53	37.06	272.61	73551.76

天山中部天山云杉林生态服务价值量化与空间分异研究

Quantification and spatial differentiation of ecosystem service value of Picea schrenkiana forest in the central Tianshan Mountains

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服务功能	价值量/10⁸元·a^-1
涵养水源	34.06
保育土壤	14.34
固碳释氧	31.87
积累营养物质	1.75
净化大气环境	0.20
生物多样性保护	13.87

服务类型	热点区		冷点区
服务类型	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%
涵养水源	46678	33.66	28303	20.41
保育土壤	49201	35.48	27249	19.65
固碳释氧	46663	33.65	28317	20.42
积累营养物质	46678	33.66	28303	20.41
净化大气环境	45734	32.98	32019	23.09
生物多样性保护	46678	33.66	28303	20.41

热点区类型	面积/km²	占比/%
非热点区	91246	65.80
1类热点区	9138	6.59
2类热点区	8237	5.94

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[7]	胡忠秀，周忠学. 西安市绿地生态系统服务功能测算及其空间格局研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2013, 36(3): 553-561.