2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动力分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.479

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (5): 885-897.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.479

2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动力分析

薄立明¹(), 尹力², 魏伟¹^,²^,³(), 赵浪², 夏俊楠⁴

1.武汉大学中国发展战略与规划研究院，湖北武汉 430072
2.武汉大学城市设计学院，湖北武汉 430072
3.湖北省人居环境工程技术研究中心，湖北武汉 430072
4.武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，湖北武汉 430072

收稿日期:2023-09-05 修回日期:2023-11-16 出版日期:2024-05-25 发布日期:2024-05-30
通讯作者: 魏伟（1976-），男，教授，博士生导师，主要从事国土空间规划研究. E-mail: weiwei@whu.edu.cn
作者简介:薄立明（1982-），男，副研究员，主要从事国土空间规划研究. E-mail: boliming@whu.edu.cn
基金资助:
湖北省自然科学基金项目(2023AFB794);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目(23YJA630003)

Evolution characteristics and its driving mechanism of territorial spatial pattern in the Hexi Corridor from 2000 to 2020

BO Liming¹(), YIN Li², WEI Wei¹^,²^,³(), ZHAO Lang², XIA Junnan⁴

1. China Institute of Development Strategy and Planning, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
2. School of Urban Design, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
3. Center of Hubei Human Habitat Engineering and Technology, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
4. School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China

Received:2023-09-05 Revised:2023-11-16 Published:2024-05-25 Online:2024-05-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

河西走廊是我国人类活动最密集的干旱地区，明晰河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动机制有助于缓解地区国土空间开发保护矛盾。采用空间转换矩阵、景观格局指数、最优参数地理探测器等方法，从“量变”“形变”2个维度定量研究2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局时空演变特征及其驱动力。结果表明：（1）河西走廊城镇空间、农业空间以及其他生态空间持续扩张，绿色生态空间剧烈减少了2758.87 km²，国土空间开发程度不断提高的同时生态保护效果尚不显著。（2）国土空间主导转换类型是生态空间内部“荒漠-绿地”交互演变，不同主体功能区中交叉转换规模差异显著。伴随国土空间交叉转换，其景观格局呈现出破碎化、分散化、复杂化演变特征。（3）河西走廊国土空间格局演变受到多维度影响因子驱动，其中“量变”过程受到的驱动作用包括国家政策指引、自然地理支撑、交通区位约束和社会经济催化，而“形变”则是以自然地理为基础，在交通区位和社会经济的影响下进一步发生演化。

关键词: 主体功能区, 三区空间, 土地荒漠化, 耕地扩张, 河西走廊

Abstract:

The Hexi Corridor, as China’s most densely populated arid region, necessitates a thorough understanding of the evolution of its spatial patterns and the underlying driving mechanisms to reconcile regional development with environmental protection within a three-zone framework. This research employs a suite of quantitative methods, including the spatial transition matrix, landscape pattern index, and optimal parameter geographical detector, to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics and determinants of territorial spatial pattern changes in the Hexi Corridor from 2000 to 2020, focusing on “quantitative change” and “form change”. The findings reveal as follows: (1) The Hexi Corridor’s urban, agricultural, and various ecological spaces have expanded, accompanied by a notable decline of 2758.87 km² in green ecological areas. Despite heightened developmental activities across the three-zone space, ecological conservation efforts have yet to yield significant results. (2) The predominant form of territorial space transition is the internal “desert-green land” dynamics within ecological zones, marked by considerable variability in the extent of cross-transformation across different functionally oriented zones. This cross-transformation of territorial spaces is characterized by increasing fragmentation, dispersion, and complexity in landscape patterns. (3) The territorial spatial pattern evolution in the Hexi Corridor is influenced by multifaceted factors. “Quantitative change” is primarily driven by national policy directives, natural geographic conditions, transportation-related constraints, and socio-economic drivers, whereas “form change” is shaped by natural geography and further modified by transportation and socio-economic factors.

Key words: major function oriented zone, three-zone space, land desertification, cultivated land expansion, Hexi Corridor

薄立明, 尹力, 魏伟, 赵浪, 夏俊楠. 2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动力分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(5): 885-897.

BO Liming, YIN Li, WEI Wei, ZHAO Lang, XIA Junnan. Evolution characteristics and its driving mechanism of territorial spatial pattern in the Hexi Corridor from 2000 to 2020[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(5): 885-897.

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国土“三区空间”分类		GlobeLand30土地利用分类体系		分类依据
一级空间	二级空间	一级地类	二级地类	分类依据
城镇空间	-	人造地表	城镇居民用地、工矿及交通设施用地、乡村建设用地	承载城镇发展
农业空间	-	耕地	水田、灌溉旱地、雨养旱地、菜地、牧草地、大棚用地、以种植农作物为主间有果树及其他经济乔木的土地	保障粮食安全
生态空间	其他生态空间	裸地	荒漠、沙地、砾石地、裸岩、盐碱地	需要生态恢复
	绿色生态空间	森林	乔木覆盖且树冠盖度超30%的土地、盖度10%~30%的疏林地	提供水土保持、水源涵养、调节气候、保持生物多样性等生态服务
		草地	草原、草甸、稀树草原、荒漠草原、人工草地
		灌木地	山地灌丛、落叶和常绿灌丛，以及荒漠灌丛
		湿地	沼泽、河流泛洪湿地、森林/灌木湿地、盐沼
		水体	江河、湖泊、水库、坑塘
		冰川积雪	高山地区永久积雪、冰川

主体功能区	三区空间类型	2000年		2010年		2020年		2000—2020年变化量/km²	2000—2020年变化幅度/%
主体功能区	三区空间类型	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	2000—2020年变化量/km²	2000—2020年变化幅度/%
重点开发区	城镇空间	448.70	60.97	452.24	62.55	1310.96	61.62	+862.26	+192.17
	农业空间	6284.01	38.30	6465.66	38.38	6409.79	37.68	+125.78	+2.00
	绿色生态空间	5599.97	10.59	5486.61	10.95	5460.24	10.89	-139.73	-2.50
	其他生态空间	35367.66	19.96	35295.17	19.66	34518.70	19.40	-848.97	-2.40
农产品主产区	城镇空间	95.27	12.95	100.76	13.94	260.06	12.22	+164.79	+172.96
	农业空间	2780.11	16.94	3043.13	18.06	3332.76	19.59	+552.65	+19.88
	绿色生态空间	4384.78	8.29	4075.77	8.13	4784.43	9.54	+399.65	+9.11
	其他生态空间	42094.87	23.76	42135.47	23.47	40977.88	23.03	-1116.99	-2.65
重点生态功能区	城镇空间	191.94	26.08	169.99	23.51	556.41	26.15	+364.47	+189.89
	农业空间	7344.63	44.76	7338.20	43.56	7266.50	42.72	-78.13	-1.06
	绿色生态空间	42905.93	81.12	40565.22	80.92	39887.14	79.56	-3018.79	-7.04
	其他生态空间	99701.54	56.28	102071.13	56.86	102434.56	57.57	+2733.02	+2.74

三区空间转换		重点开发区		农产品主产区		重点生态功能区		面积合计 /km²
主导方向	转换类型	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积/km²	占比/%	面积合计 /km²
转为城镇空间	农业→城镇	571.56	61.01	95.33	10.18	269.99	28.82	936.88
	绿色生态→城镇	102.75	54.27	12.24	6.47	74.34	39.27	189.33
	其他生态→城镇	338.73	68.20	81.50	16.41	76.46	15.39	496.69
转为农业空间	城镇→农业	129.09	64.71	20.93	10.49	49.47	24.80	199.48
	绿色生态→农业	468.19	42.61	207.63	18.90	422.99	38.50	1098.81
	其他生态→农业	285.07	26.16	598.32	54.91	206.18	18.92	1089.57
转为绿色生态空间	城镇→绿色生态	8.13	56.61	1.03	7.16	5.21	36.24	14.37
	农业→绿色生态	128.31	19.80	117.19	18.08	402.67	62.12	648.17
	其他生态→绿色生态	668.49	12.92	998.13	19.29	3506.44	67.78	5173.06
转为其他生态空间	城镇→其他生态	13.66	76.97	2.37	13.34	1.72	9.69	17.75
	农业→其他生态	56.75	28.01	61.71	30.46	84.13	41.53	202.59
	绿色生态→其他生态	372.92	5.10	496.85	6.80	6436.11	88.10	7305.88

转换类型	景观格局指数
转换类型	斑块数量	最大斑块数量	面积周长分维数	蔓延度	景观分离度	分散指数	香农多样性指数	香农均匀性指数	聚集度
农业→城镇	0.149^*	-0.216^***	-0.097^*	-0.401^***	0.354^***	0.382^***	0.407^***	0.385^***	-0.362^***
绿色生态→城镇	0.348^**	-0.172^***	-0.111^*	-0.190^***	0.200^***	0.228^***	0.203^***	0.174^***	-0.208^***
其他生态→城镇	-0.245^***	-0.056^×	-0.316^***	-0.086^×	0.145^**	0.138^**	0.215^***	0.148^**	0.006^×
城镇→农业	0.147^**	-0.147^**	0.126^*	-0.237^***	0.162^***	0.167^***	0.092^×	0.213^***	-0.258^***
绿色生态→农业	0.324^*	-0.185^***	-0.109^*	-0.066^×	0.122^**	0.160^***	0.134^**	0.029^×	-0.121^×
其他生态→农业	-0.299^***	-0.105^×	-0.337^***	-0.032^×	0.206^***	0.227^***	0.220^***	0.079^×	0.043^×
城镇→绿色生态	0.142^**	-0.106^*	0.049^×	-0.053^×	0.017^×	0.030^×	0.028^×	0.037^×	-0.080^×
农业→绿色生态	0.135^**	-0.136^**	-0.096^*	0.007^×	0.098^*	0.130^**	0.089^×	-0.033^×	-0.049^×
其他生态→生态绿色	-0.240^***	-0.105^*	-0.218^***	0.054^×	0.088^×	0.095^*	0.117^**	-0.025^×	0.033^×
城镇→其他生态	-0.130^**	-0.089^×	-0.130^**	-0.009^×	-0.073^×	-0.044^×	0.019^×	0.048^×	0.015^×
农业→其他生态	-0.213^***	-0.166^***	-0.260^***	-0.032^×	0.172^***	0.201^***	0.189^***	0.061^×	-0.055^×
绿色生态→其他生态	-0.091^×	0.202^×	-0.114^**	0.119^×	-0.147^×	-0.126^×	-0.171^×	-0.171^×	-0.029^×

2000—2020年河西走廊国土空间格局演变特征及驱动力分析

Evolution characteristics and its driving mechanism of territorial spatial pattern in the Hexi Corridor from 2000 to 2020

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