咸水灌溉条件下塔里木河下游沙漠土壤水盐运移数值模拟

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.22

干旱区地理 ›› 2021, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (4): 1104-1113.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.22

咸水灌溉条件下塔里木河下游沙漠土壤水盐运移数值模拟

王世明^1,^2,^3,⁴(),范敬龙^1,^2,^3,⁴(),赵英⁵,张涛涛^1,^2,^3,⁴,李生宇^1,^2,^3,⁴

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所莫索湾沙漠研究站,新疆石河子 832000
3.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所塔克拉玛干沙漠研究站,新疆库尔勒 841000
4.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
5.鲁东大学,山东烟台 264039

收稿日期:2020-04-01 修回日期:2020-06-11 出版日期:2021-07-25 发布日期:2021-08-02
通讯作者: 范敬龙
作者简介:王世明（1994-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事土壤水盐运移研究. E-mail: 1443661410@qq.com
基金资助:
中国铁路总公司科技研究开发计划子课题(2017G004-E-02);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题(2016A03008-3-2);新疆维吾尔自治区重大科技专项子课题(2016A03008-2-3);中国科学院科技服务网络计划(STS)区域重点项目(KFJ-STS-QYZD-062);国家自然科学基金项目(31971731)

Numerical simulation of water and salt migration in desert soil in the lower reaches of Tarim River under salt-water irrigation

WANG Shiming^1,^2,^3,⁴(),FAN Jinlong^1,^2,^3,⁴(),ZHAO Ying⁵,ZHANG Taotao^1,^2,^3,⁴,LI Shengyu^1,^2,^3,⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. Mosuowan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shihezi 832000, Xinjiang, China
3. Taklimakan Desert Research Station, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
5. Ludong University, Yantai 264039, Shandong, China

Received:2020-04-01 Revised:2020-06-11 Online:2021-07-25 Published:2021-08-02
Contact: Jinlong FAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在塔里木河下游沙漠地区防护林建设过程中,地下咸水灌溉条件下土壤剖面水盐变化明显,且存在一定的规律性。为掌握土壤垂向水盐动态,建立数值模型是十分高效的手段,通过重建土壤剖面的水盐动态过程,可揭示高盐环境下土壤水盐运移规律,服务防护林生态工程建设和后续可持续灌溉管理。通过HYDRUS-1D模拟防护林建设初期不同矿化度地下水灌溉条件下土壤水盐分布特征和时间变化,并根据实测的土壤水盐数据,优化土壤水分特征参数,评价模型的适用性。结果表明：表层（0~30 cm）土壤含水量和含盐量受灌溉影响大,数值波动剧烈,且土壤盐分表聚强烈;深层（50~150 cm）则受灌溉的影响小,数值波动小。数值模型模拟值与实测值吻合,能较好地反映土壤水盐运移情况,建立的模型可用于模拟不同矿化度灌溉条件下塔里木河下游流动沙漠地区土壤水盐运移状况,为该地区生态防护林建设提供理论基础和技术支撑。

关键词: 咸水灌溉, 土壤水盐运移, HYDRUS-1D模型, 塔里木河下游

Abstract:

During shelterbelt construction in the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China, the water and salt balance of the soil profile clearly changed because of underground saltwater irrigation. Establishing a numerical model is a very efficient means of understanding the vertical water and salt dynamics of soil. By reconstructing the dynamic process of water and salt in the soil profile, the regularity of soil water and salt migration in a high-salt environment can be revealed, which would be useful for the construction of shelterbelts in ecological engineering projects and sustainable management of the subsequent irrigation. In this study, the distribution characteristics and temporal changes of the soil water and salt under different salinity conditions for groundwater irrigation in the early construction stages of the HYDRUS-1D shelter forest were simulated. Soil water and salt data were collected for optimization of the soil water characteristic parameters, and the applicability of the established numerical model was evaluated. The results showed that the water and salt contents of the surface soil (0-30 cm depth) were greatly affected by irrigation with large fluctuations. Additionally, the salt content was highly concentrated at the soil surface. In the deep layer (50-150 cm), irrigation had a small influence with small fluctuations in values. The simulated values of the numerical model were in good agreement with the measured values, which demonstrated that the model could reflect the soil water and salt migration at the test site. The established model can be used to simulate the soil water and salt migration in the desert area downstream of Tarim River under different salinity conditions for irrigation and provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the construction of an ecological shelterbelt in this area. Using the HYDRUS numerical simulation method effectively reduces the research costs of accurately predicting future changes in the soil water and salt environment, and it can also play an effective auxiliary role in research on other soil processes. This experiment was conducted in a desert environment, and few experimental studies have been performed in similar environments. Hence, this study is innovative and can provide new ideas and methods for experimental studies in relevant desert environments.

Key words: salt water irrigation, soil water and salt migration, HYDRUS-1D model, lower Tarim River

王世明,范敬龙,赵英,张涛涛,李生宇. 咸水灌溉条件下塔里木河下游沙漠土壤水盐运移数值模拟[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 1104-1113.

WANG Shiming,FAN Jinlong,ZHAO Ying,ZHANG Taotao,LI Shengyu. Numerical simulation of water and salt migration in desert soil in the lower reaches of Tarim River under salt-water irrigation[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 1104-1113.

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土层深度/cm	颗粒组成			土壤容重 /g·cm^-3	土壤水分特征参数
土层深度/cm	砂粒	粉粒	黏粒	土壤容重 /g·cm^-3	θ_r/cm³·cm^-3	θ_s/cm³·cm^-3	K_s /cm·d^-1	α/cm^-1	n	l
0~20	79.6	19.6	0.8	1.46	0.015	0.382	100	0.047	2.82	0.5
20~60	98.9	1.1	0.0	1.52	0.013	0.377	56	0.031	2.59	0.5
60~80	97.5	2.5	0.0	1.55	0.011	0.368	86	0.032	3.26	0.5
80~100	94.1	5.9	0.0	1.58	0.017	0.370	56	0.035	3.13	0.5
100~150	97.5	2.5	0.0	1.54	0.013	0.372	100	0.032	4.04	0.5

灌水矿化度/g·L^-1	土层/cm	RMSE		R²		NSE
灌水矿化度/g·L^-1	土层/cm	校准	验证	校准	验证	校准	验证
10	15	0.027	0.021	0.83	0.83	0.75	0.79
	30	0.020	0.013	0.83	0.91	0.50	0.85
	50	0.026	0.021	0.54	0.58	0.29	0.07
	90	0.025	0.012	0.36	0.58	-5.20	-0.04
	总体效果	0.020		0.75		0.67
25	15	0.021	0.026	0.79	0.69	0.66	0.72
	30	0.023	0.030	0.81	0.72	0.75	0.64
	50	0.024	0.023	0.83	0.88	0.75	0.83
	90	0.017	0.016	0.62	0.79	0.47	0.71
	总体效果	0.020		0.77		0.72
40	15	0.015	0.011	0.91	0.91	0.82	0.81
	30	0.021	0.008	0.82	0.93	0.59	0.91
	50	0.032	0.013	0.81	0.71	0.67	0.79
	90	0.019	0.012	0.58	0.53	-0.60	-0.13
	总体效果	0.014		0.88		0.85
原水	15	0.022	0.007	0.75	0.93	0.68	0.89
	30	0.012	0.007	0.83	0.85	0.77	0.76
	50	0.022	0.009	0.69	0.67	0.63	0.69
	90	0.019	0.005	0.40	0.52	-3.48	-3.82
	总体效果	0.015		0.71		0.68

指标	10 g·L^-1 灌溉水	25 g·L^-1 灌溉水	40 g·L^-1 灌溉水	原水
RMSE	0.13	0.23	0.33	0.59
R²	0.92	0.85	0.86	0.74
NSE	0.92	0.78	0.89	0.65

咸水灌溉条件下塔里木河下游沙漠土壤水盐运移数值模拟

Numerical simulation of water and salt migration in desert soil in the lower reaches of Tarim River under salt-water irrigation

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