人类土地利用干扰对黑河中游湿地时空变化的影响

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 干旱区湿地是典型的脆弱生态系统，湿地景观格局变化与人类的干扰活动密切相关。在RS和GIS技术支持下，基于1975—2016年长时间序列遥感影像，利用景观开发强度指数（LDI）和土地利用转移矩阵模型等分析方法，定量评估了人类土地利用干扰对黑河中游湿地时空变化的影响。结果表明：研究区湿地面积总体呈现下降趋势，但人工湿地总体呈增加趋势；湿地景观的异质性、破碎化程度增强，湿地斑块之间的聚集度下降；总体上研究区各类湿地的LDI指数呈上升趋势，湿地的人为干扰程度增强，2001年后湖泊湿地的人为干扰程度最强。在人为干扰下湿地多转化为林地、草地、居工矿用地及耕地。人为干扰对湿地的影响因湿地类型而异。因此，科学评价不同类型湿地的人为干扰状况，对不同类型湿地制定相应的保护策略具有重要意义。

关键词: 人类活动气角下, LDI指数气角下, 黑河中游湿地

Abstract: Wetland not only provides rich production and living materials,but also has great environmental function and value.The LDI (Landscape Development Index) can be used as an indicator of the impact of human disturbance on the environment.In this paper,the wetland in the middle reaches of Heihe River was used as the object of research,and the land use classification map was interpreted based on the remotely sensed images in 1975,1987,1992,2000,2010 and 2016.By calculating the landscape pattern index and LDI index value of different types of wetlands in the past 41 years,the response of landscape pattern to human disturbance was analyzed.The results showed that the landscape pattern index of wetland has undergone great changes from 1975 to 2016.The area of natural wetlands,including the riverine wetland,lake wetland,riparian wetland and marsh wetland,kept declining,and the area of artificial wetland showed an increasing trend.The complexity of the wetland edge was intensified and the connectivity of wetland patches became poorer which meant the degree of fragmentation of the wetlands was enhanced.From the space perspective,the human disturbance mainly occurred along the river wetland and the flood plain,and the areas of high value included Ganzhou and Gaotai County.From the time perspective,the human disturbance to the natural wetlands was showing a trend from more to less and a contrary trend to the artificial wetlands.The wetlands were transformed into forest land,grassland,industrial and mining land and cultivated land because of human disturbance.The landscape pattern index has a strong correlation with the human disturbance.From 1975 to 2016,the response of the different types of wetland to the landscape pattern was different which was reflected by the fact that the reinforcement of human disturbance was the main reason for the decrease of river wetland areas.For the reservoir pond wetlands,with the increase of human disturbance,the patch areas were increased which made the edges of the wetlands become complicated,the fragmentation and landscape heterogeneity become more obvious.The correlation between the riparian wetland and the edge density was strong,reflecting the riparian wetland patch edge became more and more complex as the human activities got increased.

Key words: human disturbance, human activities, LDI index, wetlands in the middle reaches of Heihe River

中图分类号:

TP79

李鸿伟, 赵锐锋, 王福红. 人类土地利用干扰对黑河中游湿地时空变化的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 375-383.

LI Hong-wei, ZHAO Rui-feng, WANG Fu-hong. Effects of human land use interference on spatial and temporal changes of wetlands in the middle reaches of Heihe River[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 375-383.

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