准噶尔盆地灰漠土无机磷形态及磷吸附特性研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择新疆准噶尔盆地灰漠土作为研究对象，通过测定灰漠土中不同形态的无机磷素含量并进行土壤磷素等温吸附实验，研究灰漠土中各形态无机磷素的有效性和土壤磷吸附特征。结果表明，灰漠土中无机磷形态主要是Ca-P，占全磷含量75%以上，且以Ca₁₀-P形式为主，其次为Ca₈-P和Ca₂-P，无机磷中Al-P、Fe-P和O-P含量较少。全剖面中随着土层深度增加，Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P和Al-P占全磷总量的比例减少，Ca₁₀-P占全磷总量则有所增加，0~20 cm土层全磷和Olsen-P含量最高，分别平均为926 mg·kg^-1和51.54 mg·kg^-1。统计分析表明Ca₂-P、Al-P是最有效的磷源，Ca₈-P和Fe-P是第二有效磷源，O-P和Ca₁₀-P则是作物的潜在磷源。利用Langmuir方程拟合灰漠土的磷等温吸附曲线，得出土壤最大吸磷量（Xm）为957±629 mg·kg^-1，吸附参数（K）为149.285±89.225；灰漠土的粘粒含量对Xm影响最大，其次是有机质，pH值影响最小。

关键词: 磷素, 无机磷形态, 吸附特征, 灰漠土, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: The grey desert soil is the main soil type of Shihezi region, Junggar Basin in northern Xinjiang, China. Samples of the grey desert soil were sampled from NO. 147 farms and Agriculture Experiment Stations of Shihezi University and the physical-chemical characteristics and forms of the inorganic phosphorus were determined. The object was to analyze the availability of Olsen-P in grey desert soil. In the sorption experiments, the influence of the soils physics-chemical properties on the capacity maximizing of P adsorption was analyzed, and the phosphate sorption characteristics of the grey desert soil were also investigated. The results show that the grey desert soils in Junggar Basin were alkaline and had low quantity of soil organic matter. Under the influence of arid climate, the soluble salt and CaCO₃ accumulated in the surface soil. The total phosphorus(TP)contents were the highest in top soil(0-20 cm), followed by those in 20-50 cm and 50-80 cm, which were 926 mg·kg^-1, 734 mg·kg^-1 and 636 mg·kg^-1, respectively. The main typeof inorganic phosphorus(IP)in the grey desert soil was calcium bound phosphorus(Ca-P)which accounted for 75%, following by phosphorus bound to Al(Al-P), phosphorus bound to Fe(Fe-P)and occluded phosphate(O-P). From high to low, the Ca-P fractions ranked as:Ca₁₀-P, Ca₈-P and Ca₂-P. Olsen-P content in all soils were great in variation from 1.18 mg·kg^-1 to 162.14 mg·kg^-1. The number of Olsen-P had significant correlations with the number of Ca₂-P(r=0.990^**), Ca₈-P(r=0.595^**), Al-P(r=0.561^*)and Fe-P(r=454^*). Ca₂-P and Al-P were the most effective phosphate for plants, followed by Ca₈-P and Fe-P, O-P(r=0.045)and Ca₁₀-P(r=0.193)were the potential phosphorus sources. With the increase of soil depth,the percentages of the most effective Ca₂-P, Al-P and Ca₈-P in TP contents decreased and the percentage of Ca₁₀-P increased, leading to Olsen-P the highest in 0-20 soil layerwith the average value of 51.54 mg·kg^-1, and very low in 50-80 cm soil layer with the average value of about 2.62 mg·kg^-1. The maximum P adsorption capacities(Xm) ranged from 328 mg·kg^-1 to 1 586 mg·kg^-1 and the phosphate sorption efficiency(K)ranged from 60.06 to 238.51. Xm had positive correlation(r=0.517, p<0.05)with soil pH values and had significant positive correlation(r=0.728, p<0.01)with the content of clay. Xm had negative correlation(r=-0.472, p<0.05)with the number of soils organic matter and had no obvious correlation with the content of CaCO₃, free ferric oxide, Olsen-P and TP. The influence order on Xm was clay > soil organic matter > pH value. With the increasing of the clay content and pH value, Xm increased. Thus, the grey desert soil with high pH values and clay contents had strong adsorption capacities for P, but the high soil organic matter content didnot benefit for Xm and the content of CaCO₃ had no influence on Xm.

Key words: forms of inorganic phosphorus, sorption characteristics, gray desert soil, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

S153

何帅, 尹飞虎, 谢海霞. 准噶尔盆地灰漠土无机磷形态及磷吸附特性研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(5): 1061-1069.

HE Shuai, YIN Fei-hu, XIE Hai-xia. Forms of inorganic phosphorus and phosphate sorption characteristics of grey desert soil in Junggar Basin[J]. , 2017, 40(5): 1061-1069.

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