天山山脉强降水云宏微观物理属性的空间分布特征

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 天山山脉是新疆重要的水源地，分析这一区域降水云的宏观和微观物理属性的垂直和水平分布，对于科学高效地开展人工增水作业具有重要意义。利用CloudSat和Aqua卫星资料对天山山脉3次强降水过程云高、云厚、冰粒子等效半径和直径（IER、IED）、水粒子等效半径（LER）、冰水含量（IWC）、液态水含量（LWC）、冰水路径（IWP）、液态水路径（LWP）的分析表明：（1）天山山脉强降水云分布在0.9~9.4 km范围内，天山东、西部云底偏低、云体偏厚，而中部云底偏高、云体偏薄。降水云占有率天山中部、东部分别为5%，西部为15.6%。（2）天山山脉强降水云IER以0~60 μm为主，LER以0~5 μm为主，IWC和LWC集中在0~50 mg·m^-3，强降水云从低层到高层这些微物理量的低值段占优势，天山山脉西部、中部这些微物理量的低值段随高度呈单峰分布，西部和中部峰值分别出现在云层下部和中上部；天山山脉东部这些微物理量的低值段随高度呈双峰分布，极大值出现在云层下部和上部。（3）天山南脉、天山西部强降水云的IED较小，而天山中部、东部较大；天山中部云的LER较大，天山东部、西部、天山南脉较小；IWP从大到小依次排序为中部、东部、西部、天山南脉；天山中部云的LWP略大于天山西部和东部，天山南脉最小。

关键词: CloudSat/Aqua, 云宏观和微观物理量, 强降水, 垂直和水平分布

Abstract: The Tianshan Mountains are an important source of water in Xinjiang, China. The analysis of vertical and horizontal distribution of cloud properties in macro and micro level can provide great significance to carry out artificial precipitation enhancement scientifically and efficiently. The cloud height, cloud thickness, ice particle equivalent radius/diameters(IER,IED), the water particle equivalent radius(LER), ice water content (IWC), liquid water content(LWC), ice water path(IWP) and liquid water path(LWP) for 3 heavy rainfalls processes in the Tianshan Mountains were analyzed by using CloudSat and Aqua satellite data(IER, IED). The results showed as follows:(1) The cloud of heavy rainfalls in the Tianshan Mountains area was in the range of 0.9-9.4 km, the cloud bottom was relative lower and the cloud was relative thicker in the eastern and western parts while the cloud bottom was relative higher and the cloud was relative thinner in the central area. Precipitation ratios for the central area, eastern and western parts were 5%, 5% and 15.6%, respectively.(2) The IER, LER, IWC and LWC for the cloud of heavy rainfalls were 0-60 μm, 0-5 μm, 0-50 mg·m^-3 and 0-50 mg·m^-3, respectively. In vertical direction, low vales of these micro physical properties of clouds were in a dominant position from lower layer to upper layer and unimodal distribution was observed in western part and the central area while peaks were appeared in the bottom and upper part of clouds for western and central area. At same time, bimodal distribution was observed for eastern part and the maximum value appeared in the bottom and upper of clouds.(3) IED of clouds of heavy rainfalls was smaller in the southern and western part while it was bigger in central area and eastern part. LER was larger in the central area while it was smaller in eastern, western and southern parts. IWP changed from larger to smaller according to the central area, eastern part, western part and southern part. The LWP value in central area was slightly bigger than that in the western and eastern part and it got the minimum value in the southern part.

Key words: CloudSat/Aqua, macro and micro physical propertie in cloud, heavy rain, spacial distribution

中图分类号:

P426.5

王旭, 张嘉伟, 马禹, 陈勇航. 天山山脉强降水云宏微观物理属性的空间分布特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(6): 1153-1161.

WANG Xu, ZHANG Jia-wei, MA Yu, CHENG Yong-hang. Spacial distribution of macro and micro physical properties of clouds during heavy rains over Tianshan Mountains[J]. , 2016, 39(6): 1153-1161.

参考文献

[1] 李梦, 金宏春, 陈勇航, 等. 天山低层云水资源中冰粒子物理属性年际变化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015, 30(4):696-704. [LI Meng, JIN Hongchun, CHEN Yonghang, et al. The inter-annual variation of macro and micro physical properties of ice particles in the lower layer cloud water resources over Tianshan Mountains[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(4):696-704.]

[2] 马占山, 刘奇俊, 秦琰琰, 等. 云探测卫星CloudSat[J]. 气象, 2008, 34(8):104-112. [MA Zhanshan, LIU Qijun, QIN Yanyan, et al. Introductions to a new type cloud detecting satellite-CloudSat[J]. Meteorological Monthly, 2008, 34(8):104-112.]

[3] STEPHENS G L, VANE D G, TANELLI S, et al. CloudSat mission:Performance and early science after the first year of operation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2008, 113(D8):D00 A18.

[4] LEE S, KAHN B H, TEIXEIRA J. Characterization of cloud liquid water content distributions from CloudSat[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115, D20203, 13.

[5] KAWAMOTO K, SUZUKI K. Comparison of water cloud microphysics over mid-latitude land and ocean using CloudSat and MODIS observations[J]. Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy&Radiative Transfer, 2013, 122(6):13-24.

[6] GUO Z, ZHOU T. Seasonal variation and physical properties of the cloud system over Southeastern China derived from CloudSat products[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Science, 2015, 32(5):659-670.

[7] 周毓荃, 赵姝慧. CloudSat卫星及其在天气和云观测分析中的应用[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2008, 31(5):603-614. [ZHOU Yuquan, ZHAO Shuhui. CloudSat satellite and its application in weather and cloud observation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2008, 31(5):603-614.]

[8] 杨大生, 王普才. 中国地区夏季6~8月云水含量的垂直分布特征[J]. 大气科学, 2012, 36(1):89-101.[YANG Dasheng, WANG Pucai. Characteristics of vertical distributions of cloud water contents over China during summer[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2012, 36(1):89-101.]

[9] 杨冰韵, 张华, 彭杰, 等. 利用CloudSat卫星资料分析云微物理和光学性质的分布特征[J]. 高原气象, 2014, 33(4):1105-1118. [YANG Bingyun, ZHANG Hua, PENG Jie, et al. Analysis on global distribution characteristics of cloud microphysical and optical properties based on the Cloudsat Data[J]. Plateau Meteorology, 2014, 33(4):1105-1118.]

[10] 张华, 杨冰韵, 彭杰, 等. 东亚地区云微物理量分布特征的CloudSat卫星观测研究[J]. 大气科学, 2015, 39(2):235-248.[ZHANG Hua, YANG Bingyun, PENG Jie, et al. The characteristics of cloud microphysical properties in East Asia with the CloudSat dataset[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2015, 39(2):235-248.]

[11] 彭杰, 张华, 沈新勇. 东亚地区云垂直结构的CloudSat卫星观测研究[J]. 大气科学, 2013, 37(1):91-100. [PENG Jie, ZHANG Hua, SHEN Xinyong. Analysis of vertical structure of clouds in East Asia with CloudSat data[J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 2013, 37(1):91-100.]

[12] 陈勇航, 邓军英, 张萍, 等. 中天山附近强降雨过程中云冰水含量随高度变化特征[J]. 资源科学, 2013, 35(3):655-664.[CHEN Yonghang, DENG Junying, ZHANG Ping, et al. Vertical distribution of ice water content in clouds during heavy rains around Tianshan Mountain[J]. Resources Science, 2013, 35(3):655-664.]

[13] 邓军英, 邱昀, 陈勇航, 等. 强降雨过程中冰云粒子等效半径的垂直分布及其与降水的相关性[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2014, 23(2):120-129. [DENG Junying, QIU Yun, CHEN Yonghang, et al. The vertical distribution of ice particle effective radius of clouds and its correlation with precipitation during heavy rainfalls[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2014, 23(2):120-129.]

[14] 邓军英, 丁明月, 王文彩, 等. 冰云粒子微物理属性在一次强降雨过程中的垂直分布[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1):590-599.[DENG Junying, DING Mingyue, WANG Wencai, et al. Vertical distributions microphysical properties of ice particles in a heavy rain[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2016, 39(1):590-599.]

[15] 常倬林, 崔洋, 张武, 等. 基于CERES的宁夏空中云水资源特征及其增雨潜力研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6):1112-1120.[CHANG Zhuolin, CUI Yang, ZHANG Wu, et al. Characteristics and developing potential of cloud water resource in Ningxia with the CERES data[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2015, 38(6):1112-1120.]

[16] 陈乾, 陈添宇, 张鸿. 用Aqua/CERES反演的云参量估算西北区降水效率和人工增雨潜力[J]. 干旱气象, 2006, 24(4):1-8.[CHEN Qian, CHEN Tianyu, ZHANG Hong. Estimates of precipitation efficiency and latent capacity of artificial precipitation over Northwest China using Aqua/CERES data retrieval of cloud parameters[J]. Arid Meteorology, 2006, 24(4):1-8.]

[17] 穆振侠, 姜卉芳. 基于TRMM/TMI的天山西部山区降水垂直分布规律的研究[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2010, 24(10):66-71.[MU Zhenxia, JIANG Huifang. The vertical distribution law of precipitation in the western Tianshan Mountain based on TRMM/TMI[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2010, 24(10):66-71.]

[18] 邱学兴, 张萍, 陈勇航, 等. 基于CERES资料的山区低层云特性时空变化研究[J]. 兰州大学学报(自然科学版), 2012, 48(3):46-51.[QIU Xuexing, ZHANG Ping, CHEN Yonghang, et al. Spatial and temporal variation in lower layer cloud properties over mountains based on CERES data[J]. Journal of Lanzhou University (Natural Sciences), 2012, 48(3):46-51.]

[19] 陈亚宁, 杨青, 罗毅, 等. 西北干旱区水资源问题研究思考[J]. 干旱区地理, 2012, 35(1):1-9. [CHEN Yaning, YANG Qing, LUO Yi, et al. Ponder on the issues of water resources in the arid region of northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2012, 35(1):1-9.]

[20] 孙桂燕, 郭玲鹏, 常存, 等. 新疆天山中段南北坡水储量变化对比分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(2):254-264. [SUN Guiyan, GUO Lingpeng, CHANG Cun, et al. Contrast and analysis of water storage changes in the north slopes and south slopes of the central Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2016, 39(2):254-264.]

[21] 夏富强, 唐宏, 杨德刚, 等. 绿洲城市水资源压力及其对城市发展的影响-以乌鲁木齐为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2014, 37(2):380-387.[XIA Fuqiang, TANG Hong, YANG Degang, et al. Water resources pressure of oasis city and its impact on urban development[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2014, 37(2):380-387.]

[22] 周和平, 翟超, 孙志锋, 等. 新疆水资源综合利用效果及发展变化分析[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2016, 30(1):95-100. [ZHOU Heping, ZHAI Chao, SUN Zhifeng, et al. Utilization and the development of water resources in arid areas of Xinjiang[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2016, 30(1):95-100.]

[23] 王洪强, 陈勇航, 彭宽军, 等. 基于Aqua卫星总云量资料分析山区云水资源[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(1):89-96. [WANG Hongqiang, CHEN Yonghang, PENG Kuanjun, et al. Study on cloud water resources of mountain ranges in Xinjiang based on aqua satellite data[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2011, 26(1):89-96.]