石羊河流域不同区域农户生计多样性分析

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着石羊河流域综合治理政策的深入落实,流域内农户的生计受到严重影响.基于对农户生计活动现状的统计描述,依据可持续生计资本框架理论,利用因子分析法建立上、中、下游各区域农户生计资产存量的评价模型,就全流域三大区域共992 份样本农户的生计多样化程度和生计资产现状进行实证研究并作分区域的比较分析.结果显示:(1)全流域农户生计均呈多样化趋势,山区、平原区和沙漠绿洲区农户的生计多样化指数分别是:2.00,2.74 和2.61,说明流域内农户生计多样化程度普遍偏低但各区域差异明显.(2)因子分析表明,受政策影响农户所拥有的各生计资产存量发生了转化,相比其他区域,绿洲区农户拥有的生计资产存量最多,主要反映在自然、物质和社会资产上,平原区次之,山区以较大差距排在末位.(3)政策扰动下各生计资产存量的差异对不同区域农户多样性生计策略的选择具有显著影响.通过比较三大区域农户多样性生计活动和家庭生计资产存量,探讨了生计资产与生计多样化的关系,从农户生计的视角客观系统地总结和评价了石羊河流域综合治理政策的实施效果,识别政策落实中遇到的具体问题,为今后流域治理工作的完善提供科学依据和理论参考.建议政府围绕农户生计资产的薄弱环节进行投入,以提高农民的生计资产存量;农户要优化生计组合,利用优势生计资产实现多样化的生计转型.

关键词: 生计多样性, 政策影响, 可持续生计框架, 因子分析, 农村家庭, 石羊河流域

Abstract: Water scarcity in arid inland river basins has caused serious ecological,social and economic problems. To restore and improve the situation of natural environment,a comprehensive environmental management policy which centered on water-saving and reallocation of water resources was implemented in Shiyang River Basin of Gansu Provence since in 2007. The policy has impacted local ecosystem and socio-economic system dramatically, particularly on rural farmers'livelihoods. In order to know the validity of environmental management policy better, more profound field-based studies are needed to understand the livelihoods change of rural farmers'household after policy implementation. The primary purpose of this paper was to examine local farmers'livelihoods diversification under the water-policy implementation and make comparative analyses among three different regions. A total of 992 householders from 41 villages were surveyed by structured questionnaire in January,2013. Based on the sustainable livelihood framework,11 representative indicators were selected to construct a comprehensive evaluation model of farmers'livelihoods assets. Then the livelihoods diversification index formula was adopted to make a quantitative assessment for the degree of farmers'livelihoods diversify. Finally,factor analysis technique was utilized to set up an evaluation model for assessing and comparing the rural household livelihood assets stock among different regions in Shiyang River Basin. The results of the livelihoods diversification index showed that farmers'livelihoods are all diversified in the three regions but differs among regions. The diversity of Mountain regions mainly characterized by non-agricultural activities,and by farming and livestock breeding in Oasis regions. Factor analysis indicated that Oasis regions have the best livelihoods assets conditions,followed by that in Plain regions and Mountain areas. Furthermore,the difference of livelihoods assets conditions had a significant influence on the diversified selections for farmers'livelihoods strategies in different regions. This paper provided a new approach to evaluate the effectiveness of policy from the farmers'standpoint. We argue that the results of this study are helpful for revising the environmental governance policy implemented in Shiyang River Basin which can help improve its potentially positive effects.

Key words: livelihoods diversity, policy-induced, sustainable livelihood framework, factor analysis, rural household, Shiyang River Basin

中图分类号:

F304

杨怀德, 李勇进, 冯起, 陈文江. 石羊河流域不同区域农户生计多样性分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(1): 199-206.

YANG Huai-de, LI Yong-jin, FENG Qi, CHEN Wen-jiang. A comparative analysis of rural household livelihoods diversity among different regions of Shiyang River Basin, NW China[J]. , 2016, 39(1): 199-206.

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