基于PCA-GASVM的晋陕甘宁地区生态环境评价

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 我国新型城镇化进程中产生较严重的生态环境问题。选取晋陕甘宁地区为研究对象,从城镇生态压力、状态、响应3个方面构建了生态环境的评价指标体系,并通过2013年中国统计年鉴整理到相关数据,利用PCA-GA-SVM对晋陕甘宁地区生态环境进行评价。结果表明:PCA-GASVM生态环境评价比GASVM评价具有更高的准确率,而且PCA-GASVM比GASVM评价收敛速度更快。甘肃、宁夏的自然保护区占辖区面积比重指标排名比山西、陕西两个省名次靠前,从森林覆盖率分析只有陕西位于第11位,山西、甘肃、宁夏森林覆盖率均位于后20名;从SO₂排放量、烟尘(粉尘)排放量、工业废弃物产生量、废水排放量上分析,在晋陕甘宁地区中,宁夏最优,甘肃次之,陕西、山西排放很严重。晋陕甘宁地区生态环境保护应在"新常态"下要有"新状态",将市场机制与政府的补贴、税收等政策宏观调控相结合,严守生态红线,发展生态经济绿色科技、清洁生产,减少工业废弃物排放,建立环保交易市场,推行污染第三方治理,完善生态补偿制度,走集约、智能、绿色、低碳的新型城镇化道路。

关键词: 主成分分析, 遗传算法, 支持向量机, 生态环境评价

Abstract: Along with the advancing new urbanization and living condition of the general public in China,ecological and environmental issues are becoming more significant. Giving the economic and environmental situation of China,a study area of four provinces(Shanxi,Shaanxi,Gansu and Ningxia)were selected by needs. As this research is oriented,the paper has constructed the evaluation index system of ecology and environment based on capacity pressure,status and response of ecosystem. All relevant data was adopted from the 2013 China statistical yearbook. Taking advantage of the PCA-GA-SVM evaluation,the paper thoroughly evaluated the ecological environment of the study area. The results suggested that the results from PCA-GA-SVM evaluation is more accurate than that from GA-SVM evaluation,and its convergence speed is faster than that of GA-SVM. The size of natural reserves in Gansu Province and Ningxia Province is larger than that in Shanxi Province and Shaanxi Province. Only Shaanxi Province has the forest coverage ranking at the 11^th of the nation,forest coverage in Shanxi, Gansu,Ningxia are all behind the 20^th place. On the analysis of sulfur dioxide emissions,dust emissions,industrial waste generation,wastewater emissions from the study area,Ningxia has the lowest level,followed by Gansu, Shaanxi,and Shanxi. Finally,the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward as follows:the ecological environment protection of the above places should have a "new status" under the "new normality"-to combine market mechanism,government subsidies and taxation strategies,stick to the ecological bottom line,develop green economy,green technology and clean production,reduce the industrial waste emissions,establish market for environmental protection,promote the governance on pollution control from the third party,improve the establishment of the ecological offsetting system,and integrate the concept of ecological civilization into the whole process of development and take a new route of urbanization in a manner of intensive,intelligent,green and low carbon.

Key words: principal components analysis, Genetic Algorithms, Support Vector Machine, ecology and environment evaluation

中图分类号:

S812

陈莉. 基于PCA-GASVM的晋陕甘宁地区生态环境评价[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1262-1269.

CHEN Li. Evaluation of the ecology and environment of Shanxi-Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia area based on PCA-GA-SVM[J]. , 2015, 38(6): 1262-1269.

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