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干旱区地理 ›› 2013, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 854-864.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

内蒙古半干旱草原下垫面地表辐射特征

顾润源1，2， 武荣盛3，吴菊秀1，孙小龙3，马耀明4， 杨铁刚5   

  1. 1    南京信息工程大学， 江苏    南京    210044；    2    青岛市气象局， 山东    青岛    266003；3    内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心， 内蒙古     呼和浩特    010051；    4    中国科学院青藏高原研究所， 北京    100085；5    内蒙古自治区巴彦淖尔市气象局， 内蒙古    巴彦淖尔    015000
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-09 修回日期:2013-02-05 出版日期:2013-09-25
  • 通讯作者: 武荣盛（1984-），男，内蒙古乌海人，硕士，主要从事大气边界层与陆面过程的研究. Email：rocky_wrs@163.com
  • 作者简介:顾润源（1963-），男，山东莒县人，高级工程师，主要从事陆面过程与气候变化研究. Email：longmarch529@163.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金项目（40965005，40765001）；内蒙古气象局青年气象科技项目（nmqnqx201215）

Surface radiation characteristics on semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia

GU  Run-yuan1，2，WU  Rong-sheng3，WU  Ju-xiu1，SUN  Xiao-Long3，MA  Yao-ming4，YANG  Tie-gang5   

  1. 1   Nanjing  University  of  Information  Science  and  Technology, Nanjing  210044, Jiangsu, China;   2   Qingdao  Meteorological  Bureau, Qingdao  266003, Shandong, China;   3   Inner  Mongolia  Ecological  and  Agricultural  Metrological  Center, Hohhot  010051, Inner  Mongolia, China;   4   Institute  of  the  Tibetan  Plateau  of  Chinese  Academy  of  Sciences, Beijing  100085, China；5   Inner  Mongolia  Bayannao′er  Meteorological  Bureau, Bayannao′er  015000, Inner  Mongolia, China
  • Received:2012-11-09 Revised:2013-02-05 Online:2013-09-25
  • Supported by:

    Surface radiation characteristics on semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia

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摘要： 中纬度半干旱草原是全球陆地生态系统的重要类型之一，也是我国北方主要的地表类型，为深入了解我国半干旱草原区陆面对大气的辐射强迫，选取锡林浩特国家气候观象台2010年的辐射观测资料，分析了内蒙古半干旱草原下垫面地表辐射平衡各分量、地表吸收辐射和有效辐射以及地表反照率的日变化和季节变化规律，并与西北典型干旱区作了对比分析。结果表明：半干旱草原区太阳总辐射季节变化特征非常明显，季节平均日积分值由大到小依次为夏季、春季、秋季、冬季，年总量为6 036.64 MJ/m2，与黑河地区绿洲接近，明显小于戈壁和沙漠下垫面的值；半干旱草原地表反射辐射年变化趋势较为复杂，在4～10月由于下垫面植被和土壤类型、湿度等的差异，半干旱草原地表反射辐射月平均值低于黑河地区草地和荒漠的值，但高于农田的值；地表吸收辐射季节变化规律与总辐射保持一致；大气长波辐射年总量为8 155.23 MJ/m2，低于黑河地区草地、荒漠和农田下垫面的值，主要是由于半干旱草原区地理纬度较高，全年平均气温较低造成的；在植被覆盖较好的6～9月，半干旱草原区地表长波辐射月总量为4 532.14 MJ/m2，低于黑河流域的荒漠区，而高于草地和农田的值；半干旱草原区地表有效辐射年总量为2 398.75 MJ/m2，小于黑河地区沙漠和戈壁下垫面而大于绿洲；半干旱草原区地表反照率年均值为0.35，均大于西北干旱区不同下垫面，主要由于半干旱草原区冬春季地表积雪覆盖时间明显长于干旱区，可见，地表积雪对反照率的影响非常大。

关键词: 内蒙古； , 半干旱草原； , 地表辐射； , 日变化； , 季节变化

Abstract: Based on radiation data observed at Xilinhot National Climatological Observatory of Inner Mongolia in 2010, the diurnal and seasonal dynamics of surface radiation balance and albedo over typical semi-arid grassland in Inner Mongolia was analyzed and compared with those in arid area of northwest China in this paper. The radiation data was measured by CNR-1（Kipp & Zonen），a four components radiation sensor of the benchmark radiation observation system. Output data was processed to the mean value of 30 minutes in analysis. In order to control the quality of data, the probable value, the extreme value and the relationship between different radiation components were checked carefully in accordance with the standard proposed by the Basic Surface Radiation Network（BSRN）. The results of this paper indicated that: the seasonal variation of global radiation over semi-arid grassland was quite evident. The annual total of global radiation reached about 6 036.64 MJ/m2，which was lower than that observed from gobi and desert and close to that in oasis. The monthly variation tendency of surface reflected radiation was relatively complicated. The monthly mean values of surface reflected radiation in semi-arid grassland from April to October were smaller than those in grassland and desert of Heihe Basin and larger than those in cropland due to diversity of surface vegetation and soil humidity. The seasonal variation of surface absorptive radiation accorded with that of global radiation. The annual total of atmospheric long-wave radiation was lower than that over different surface of Heihe Basin on account of the lower annual mean temperature and higher latitude in semi-arid grassland. The total value of surface long-wave radiation in semi-arid grassland form June to September was about 4 532.14MJ/m2，which was larger than that in grassland and cropland and smaller than that over desert. The annual total value of surface effective radiation was up to 2 398.75 MJ/m2，which was higher than that in oasis and lower than that in desert and oasis. Since the durations of surface snow cover over semi-arid grassland in Winter and Spring were longer than those in arid area, the annual mean value of surface albedo in semi-arid area reached about 0.35, which was all higher than that on different surface in arid area. This shows that the surface snow cover has a significant effect on surface albedo.

Key words: Inner Mongolia； , semi-arid grassland； , surface radiation； , diurnal variation； , seasonal distribution

中图分类号: 

  • P422.2