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干旱区地理 ›› 2012, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (02): 229-237.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

五种潜在蒸散发公式在汉江流域的应用

张晓琳,熊立华,林琳,龙海峰   

  1. 武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072
  • 收稿日期:2011-08-19 修回日期:2011-10-11 出版日期:2012-03-25
  • 通讯作者: 张晓琳
  • 作者简介:张晓琳(1988-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事水文水资源研究
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然科学基金重点项目(51190094);国家自然科学基金项目(51079098)

Application of five potential evapotranspiration equations in Hanjiang Basin

ZHANG Xiaolin,XIONG Lihua,LIN Lin,Long Haifeng   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China
  • Received:2011-08-19 Revised:2011-10-11 Online:2012-03-25
  • Contact: ZHANG Xiaolin

摘要: 以汉江流域14个测站1960-2009年逐日气象资料为数据源,采用FAO56 PenmanMonteith以及Hargreaves,BlaneyCriddle,Thornthwaite,Hamon 4种温度法计算各测站逐日以及逐月潜在蒸散发量,利用反距离加权插值法得到流域面平均年潜在蒸散发量。以FAO56 PenmanMonteith结果为标准,与温度法年潜在蒸散发量计算结果进行对比,修正温度法计算公式的经验系数,分析修正公式在汉江流域的适用性。结果表明:参数修正前温度法计算结果存在较大误差,相对偏差最大可达41.34%。修正后计算结果相对误差明显减小,最大偏差小于0.1%,并显示出较好的变化趋势和峰谷一致性。修正后的Hargreaves公式与FAO56 PenmanMonteith公式相关性最好,相关系数达到0.94,其次为Hamon公式和Thornthwaite公式,最后是BlaneyCriddle公式。

关键词: 潜在蒸散发量, 汉江流域, 温度法, 适用性

Abstract: The Han River (Hanjiang) is the largest tributary of the Yangtze River and located in the geographical transitional zone between the north and the south of China. The climate in the basin is mild and humid, with an uneven spatial and temporal distribution of water resources. Evapotranspiration, as an important part of the hydrologic cycle, needs to be comprehensively analyzed to rationally utilize water resources. In this paper, the FAO56 PenmanMonteith equation and four temperaturebased equations were used to estimate the daily and monthly potential evapotranspiration in the Han River basin. The FAO56 PenmanMonteith equation is a synthetic method, which has been recommended by FAO and widely used all over the world. The four temperaturebased methods used in this paper include Hargreaves,BlaneyCriddle,Thornthwaite, and Hamon. These four methods require less meteorological observation data than the FAO56 PenmanMonteith equation,so they are simple in calculation and flexible in application. But each temperaturebased equation has an empirical coefficient to be calibrated, which limits their application across different conditions. The estimation of potential evapotranspiration was based on the daily meteorological observations from 14 gauging stations in Han River basin during the period from 1960 to 2009, while the areal mean potential evapotranspirations of the basin were calculated using the weighting method of inverse distance. With the results of FAO56 PenmanMonteith equation taken as a reference, the results of the four temperaturebased equations using original empirical coefficients were assessed. It has been found that, compared to FAO56 PenmanMonteith equation, large biases existed for the four temperaturebased equations when original coefficients were used. The maximum relative deviation was up to 41%; but for each decade of the study period, the mean annual potential evapotranspirations of temperaturebased equations were linearly related to the FAO56 PenmanMonteith’s results based on the Ftest. The value of the empirical coefficient of each temperaturebased equation was then calibrated to make its results of potential evapotranspiration estimates best approximate those of FAO56 PenmanMonteith. By using the calibrated coefficients,it was found that the relative deviation of the potential evapotranspiration estimates of each temperaturebased equation from those of FAO56 PenmanMonteith reduced significantly, and the maximum discrepancy was less than 0.1%. The simulation of all the four temperaturebased models improved, with similar variation trend and consistent peaks and troughs. The correlation between Hargreaves equation and FAO56 PenmanMonteith equation is the best, with the correlation coefficient of 0.94, and then the second and third are the Hamon and Thornthwaite equation respectively. The last one is BlaneyCriddle equation with a correlation coefficient of 0.76. Based on these analyses, the recommended temperaturebased method for estimating potential evapotranspirations is Hargreaves equation. This is the first time to compare the temperaturebased methods with the FAO56 PenmanMonteith in terms of potential evapotranspirations caculation in Han River basin, which should be useful for research on potential evapotranspiration methods.

Key words: potential evapotranspiration, Hanjiang Basin, temperaturebased models, FAO56 PenmanMonteith

中图分类号: 

  • P426.2