W-OH阻水层对煤矸石坡面降雨入渗以及产流产沙过程影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.731

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对青海木里矿区煤矸石坡面水分渗漏以及冻土形成难题。在煤矸石坡面构建不同浓度的亲水聚氨酯（W-OH，0%、1.5%、2.5%、3.5%、4.5%）的阻水层，采用人工模拟降雨，对坡面的降雨入渗以及产流产沙特征参数进行分析，揭示不同浓度W-OH阻水层对煤矸石坡面降雨入渗以及产流产沙过程的影响。结果表明：（1）在坡度5°、15°、25°以及雨强30~90 mm·h^-1下，不同W-OH浓度下坡面入渗率总体变化趋势呈现先迅速下降后趋于稳定，并且W-OH浓度越大，达到稳定入渗阶段越早。（2）不同W-OH浓度下的坡面平均入渗率较对照组（0%W-OH）降低了4.15%~73.64%；1.5%、2.5%、3.5%、4.5%浓度W-OH坡面的阻水效应分别为5.49%~49.98%、11.96%~65.91%、16.61%~72.10%、22.92%~85.81%，随W-OH浓度的增大而增大。（3）不同W-OH浓度下的坡面初始产流时间较对照组坡面提前了1.95%~74.20%；1.5%、2.5%、3.5%、4.5%浓度W-OH坡面的产沙效应分别为7.68%~97.98%、15.28%~163.00%、25.44%~261.44%、25.61%~260.58%，与雨强、坡度呈负相关，与W-OH浓度呈正相关，产流效应分别为5.20%~83.39%、12.93%~131.18%、14.14%~149.11%、16.28%~188.86%。（4）对相关指标进行相关性分析发现，W-OH在阻止水分入渗、增加产流产沙发挥重要作用，雨强、坡度对于坡面产流产沙过程仍为主导因素。综合发现，在煤矸石坡面构建W-OH阻水层可以起到很好的减渗、阻水作用，同时也增加坡面的产流产沙；考虑到水土流失问题，可在坡面配置一定的水土保持措施。

关键词: 煤矸石, 降雨入渗, 产流产沙, 阻水层

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of water leakage and frozen soil formation of coal gangue slope in Muli mining area of Qinghai Province, water-blocking layers with different concentrations of hydrophilic polyurethane (W-OH, 0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%) were constructed on the coal gangue slope, and the characteristic parameters of rainfall infiltration, runoff and sediment on the slope were analyzed by artificial rainfall simulation. The effects of water-blocking layers with different concentrations of W-OH on the rainfall infiltration and runoff-producing and sediment-producing process of the coal gangue slope were revealed. The results showed that: (1) Under slope of 5°, 15°, 25° and rainfall intensity of 30~90 mm·h^-1, the overall change trend of slope infiltration rate with different W-OH concentrations showed a rapid decline at first and then tended to be stable, and the higher the W-OH concentration, the earlier the stable infiltration stage was reached. (2) The average infiltration rate of slope under different W-OH concentration was decreased by 4.15%-73.64% compared with the control group (0%W-OH). The water-blocking effects of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5% and 4.5% W-OH on slope surface were 5.49%-49.98%, 11.96%-65.91%, 16.61%-72.10% and 22.92%-85.81%, respectively, and increased with the increase of W-OH concentration. (3) The initial runoff generation time on the slope with different W-OH concentrations was 1.95%-74.20% earlier than that on the control slope. The sediment yield effects of 1.5%, 2.5%, 3.5% and 4.5% W-OH on the slope were 7.68%-97.98%, 15.28%-163.00%, 25.44%-261.44% and 25.61%-260.58%, respectively, which were negatively correlated with rainfall intensity and slope, and positively correlated with W-OH concentration. Runoff yield effect were 5.20%-83.39%, 12.93%-131.18%, 14.14%-149.11% and 16.28%-188.86%. (4) The correlation analysis of relevant indicators shows that the W-OH water-blocking layer plays an important role in preventing water infiltration and increasing sediment yield, and rain intensity and slope are still the dominant factors in the process of sediment yield on slope. It is found that the construction of W-OH water-blocking layer on the coal gangue slope can play a good role in reducing seepage and water blocking, and also increase the runoff-producing and sediment-producing on the slope. Considering the problem of soil and water loss, some soil and water conservation measures can be configured on the slope.

Key words: coal gangue, rainfall infiltration, runoff and sediment yield, water-blocking layers

鲁长金, 王志刚, 杨海龙, 武淼辰, 尹文天. W-OH阻水层对煤矸石坡面降雨入渗以及产流产沙过程影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(9): 1623-1635.

LU Changjin, WANG Zhigang, YANG Hailong, WU Miaochen, YIN Wentian. Impact of W-OH water-blocking layers on rainfall infiltration, runoff and sediment yield processes on coal gangue slopes[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(9): 1623-1635.

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容重/g·cm^-3	含水量/%	粒径组成/%
容重/g·cm^-3	含水量/%	<0.1 mm	0.1~0.5 mm	0.5~1.0 mm	1.0~2.0 mm	2.0~10.0 mm	>10.0 mm
1.62	13.70	5.73	12.33	12.56	6.61	38.55	24.23

W-OH 浓度/%	雨强30 mm·h^-1			雨强60 mm·h^-1			雨强90 mm·h^-1
W-OH 浓度/%	坡度5°	坡度15°	坡度25°	坡度5°	坡度15°	坡度25°	坡度5°	坡度15°	坡度25°
0.0	1333	1262	1015	973	551	313	302	188	156
1.5	1307	1058	972	528	394	207	224	140	128
2.5	1286	902	876	294	291	182	194	119	107
3.5	1069	844	839	251	238	212	149	91	83
4.5	1061	782	756	194	172	153	111	90	66

坡度/(°)	雨强/mm·h^-1	累计入渗量/L					阻水效应/%
坡度/(°)	雨强/mm·h^-1	1.5%W-OH	2.5%W-OH	3.5%W-OH	4.5%W-OH	0%W-OH	1.5%W-OH	2.5%W-OH	3.5%W-OH	4.5%W-OH
5	30	18.81	16.81	15.23	14.18	19.90	5.49	15.55	23.46	28.75
	60	25.31	18.54	16.27	11.23	35.16	28.00	47.27	53.73	68.05
	90	17.98	12.54	9.85	6.55	20.64	12.88	39.26	52.29	68.28
15	30	15.30	14.08	13.80	12.76	16.55	7.57	14.95	16.61	22.92
	60	21.14	16.04	13.32	6.92	32.61	35.17	50.83	59.15	78.77
	90	10.95	8.45	5.91	4.03	17.27	36.61	51.09	65.79	76.66
25	30	13.81	13.28	11.95	10.79	15.08	8.44	11.96	20.74	28.44
	60	18.58	11.17	9.46	4.07	28.69	35.23	61.07	67.03	85.81
	90	5.35	3.65	2.99	1.82	10.70	49.98	65.91	72.10	82.98

坡度/(°)	雨强/mm·h^-1	累计产沙量/g					产沙效应/%
坡度/(°)	雨强/mm·h^-1	1.5%W-OH	2.5%W-OH	3.5%W-OH	4.5%W-OH	0%W-OH	1.5%W-OH	2.5%W-OH	3.5%W-OH	4.5%W-OH
5	30	9.29	12.20	12.00	16.16	4.77	94.69	155.59	151.40	238.55
	60	31.84	54.73	67.27	66.38	22.00	44.73	148.79	205.76	201.73
	90	45.48	75.81	87.35	93.67	28.83	57.77	163.00	203.01	224.93
15	30	10.59	14.01	17.75	22.97	7.03	50.66	99.32	152.56	226.94
	60	75.59	73.92	82.55	88.27	52.01	45.32	42.12	58.70	69.70
	90	83.19	84.87	92.21	110.57	71.28	16.70	19.06	29.37	55.13
25	30	18.35	22.37	33.49	33.41	9.27	97.98	141.44	261.44	260.58
	60	76.77	85.52	106.80	116.00	66.17	16.02	29.24	61.39	75.30
	90	137.35	147.04	160.00	160.21	127.55	7.68	15.28	25.44	25.61

坡度/(°)	雨强/mm·h^-1	累计产流量/L					产流效应/%
坡度/(°)	雨强/mm·h^-1	1.5%W-OH	2.5%W-OH	3.5%W-OH	4.5%W-OH	0%W-OH	1.5%W-OH	2.5%W-OH	3.5%W-OH	4.5%W-OH
5	30	5.10	7.10	8.68	9.73	4.01	27.26	77.21	116.46	142.74
	60	22.51	29.28	31.56	36.59	12.67	77.69	131.18	149.11	188.86
	90	53.75	59.19	61.89	65.19	51.09	5.20	15.86	21.13	27.59
15	30	7.88	9.10	9.38	10.42	6.63	18.91	37.33	41.47	57.22
	60	25.22	30.33	33.04	39.44	13.75	83.39	120.52	140.26	186.78
	90	58.60	61.10	63.64	65.51	52.27	12.10	16.88	21.74	25.33
25	30	7.94	8.48	9.80	7.94	6.67	19.08	27.04	46.89	64.29
	60	27.78	35.20	36.91	27.78	17.68	57.16	99.09	108.76	139.23
	90	59.90	61.61	62.27	59.90	54.55	9.81	12.93	14.14	16.28