基于通径分析的树木园不同植物群落空气负离子变化特征

摘要/Abstract

图/表 8

参考文献 36

Metrics

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.381

摘要： 为研究树木园中典型植物群落空气负离子浓度（NAIC）变化及影响因素，以呼和浩特市树木园为研究对象，于2022—2023年每个季节选择5 d晴朗无风或微风的天气，在08:00—18:00实地同步观测11个不同植物群落及对照点环境指标，分析比较不同植物群落结构NAIC变化规律，并探究影响NAIC的环境指标。结果表明：（1）树木园内植物群落NAIC在春季（611~1115个·cm^-3）、夏季（714~1033个·cm^-3）、秋季（678~1120个·cm^-3）显著高于冬季（202~372个·cm^-3），但同一季节中彼此差异不显著；NAIC日变化趋势在春季呈“U”型曲线，夏季和秋季波动变化，冬季为先下降后上升，峰谷值出现时间存在季节差异。（2）植物群落空气清洁度在春季、夏季、秋季能够达到最清洁等级，冬季大部分时间处于清洁至接受等级。（3）环境因子对NAIC的影响因季节而异，不同季节影响NAIC变化的主要环境因子不同。综合来看，小粒径空气颗粒物PM_2.5、PM_1.0是影响NAIC的主要因素；对NAIC变异产生主要影响的是不同粒径空气颗粒物的直接作用。

关键词: 树木园, 植物群落, 空气负离子, 环境因子, 通径分析

Abstract:

To investigate the changes in negative air ion concentration (NAIC) and the influencing factors within typical plant communities in an arboretum, this study examined the Hohhot arboretum in Hohhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Data were collected during five sunny and windless or breezy days in each season from 2022 to 2023. Observations included 11 different plant communities and the environmental indicators of control sites, recorded simultaneously in the field from 08:00 to 18:00. The environmental indicators of the control points were analyzed and compared to the NAIC patterns across different plant communities to identify the factors that influenced NAIC. The results showed the following. (1) The NAIC levels of arboretum plant communities were significantly higher during spring (611-1115 ions·cm^-3), summer (714-1033 ions·cm^-3), and autumn (678-1120 ions·cm^-3) compared to that during winter (202-372 ions·cm^-3). However, no significant difference was observed within the same season. Daily NAIC patterns varied by season. They formed a “U” curve in spring, showed fluctuating changes in summer and autumn, and decreased before increasing in winter. Daily maximum or minimum NAIC values occurred in specific plant communities and varied seasonally. (2) The air cleanliness of plant communities reached the cleanest level during spring, summer, and autumn. During winter, the air cleanliness ranged from clean to acceptable for most observation periods. (3) The influence of environmental factors on the NAIC varied across seasons. PM_2.5 and PM_1.0 were identified as the primary factors affecting NAIC. Variations in the NAIC were primarily attributed to the direct effects of particulate matter of different sizes in the air.

Key words: arboretum, plant community, negative air ions, environmental factors, path analysis

闫晓云, 孙艺玮, 包红光. 基于通径分析的树木园不同植物群落空气负离子变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(5): 778-788.

YAN Xiaoyun, SUN Yiwei, BAO Hongguang. Change characteristics of negative air ions of different plant communities in arboretum based on path analysis[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(5): 778-788.

表1

表2

图1

图2

图3

表3

表4

表5

[1]	Yan X J, Wang H R, Hou Z Y, et al. Spatial analysis of the ecological effects of negative air ions in urban vegetated areas: A case study in Maiji, China[J]. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, 2015, 14(3): 636-645.
[2]	Hao P W, Shi C Q, Zhao Y N, et al. Temporal variation characteristics of negative air ion concentration and air quality evaluation in Songshan National Nature Reserve, Beijing[J]. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 2023, 14(6): 1156-1163. doi: 10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2023.06.005
[3]	Wang H, Wang B, Niu X, et al. Study on the change of negative air ion concentration and its influencing factors at different spatio-temporal scales[J]. Global Ecology and Conservation, 2020, 23: e01008, doi: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01008.
[4]	Krueger A P, Reed E J. Biological impact of small air ions[J]. Science, 1976, 193(4259): 1209-1213. pmid: 959834
[5]	Ryushi T, Kita I, Sakurai T, et al. The effect of exposure to negative air ions on the recovery of physiological responses after moderate endurance exercise[J]. International Journal of Biometeorology, 1998, 41(3): 132-136. pmid: 9531858
[6]	Xiao S, Wei T J, Petersen J D, et al. Biological effects of negative air ions on human health and integrated multiomics to identify biomarkers: A literature review[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2023, 30(27): 69824-69836.
[7]	Yun J Y, Yao W F, Wang X Y, et al. Daily dynamics of forest air negative ion concentration in spring and the relationship of influencing factors: Results of field monitoring[J]. Air Quality, Atmosphere & Health, 2023, 17(3): 501-511.
[8]	侯秀娟, 闫晓云, 王波, 等. 夏季干旱半干旱城市公园绿地空气负离子与空气颗粒物变化特征[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46(4): 212-220. doi: 10.12302/j.issn.1000-2006.202104048
	[Hou Xiujuan, Yan Xiaoyun, Wang Bo, et al. Variation characteristics of the air anion and air particulate matter in arid and semi-arid urban park green spaces during summer[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University (Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 46(4): 212-220. ]
[9]	张家兴, 蒋丽娅, 高峻, 等. 华北土石山区典型人工林空气负离子变化及其影响因子分析[J]. 林业科学研究, 2023, 36(2): 61-69.
	[Zhang Jiaxing, Jiang Liya, Gao Jun, et al. Variation of negative air ions and its influencing factors in typical plantations in rocky mountain area of north China[J]. Forestry Research, 2023, 36(2): 61-69. ]
[10]	崔虎亮, 李仲昊, 曹如姬. 太岳山区不同森林康养村落空气负离子浓度及气象因素的关系[J]. 西部林业科学, 2022, 51(2): 27-34.
	[Cui Huliang, Li Zhonghao, Cao Ruji. Relationships between the negative air ions and meteorological factors in different forest villages of Taiyue Moutain[J]. Journal of West China Forestry Science, 2022, 51(2): 27-34. ]
[11]	郑诗禹, 张绿水, 郭晓敏, 等. 不同森林郁闭度环境内空气负氧离子的时空变化及环境影响要素研究——以广州帽峰山为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(11): 2204-2212. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.11.011
	[Zheng Shiyu, Zhang Lüshui, Guo Xiaomin, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of negative oxygen ions in the air and environmental influencing factors in forest environment with different canopy densities: A case study of Maofeng Mountain in Guangzhou[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021, 30(11): 2204-2212. ]
[12]	冯慧君, 安静, 杨广斌, 等. 城市湿地公园植物群落空气负离子浓度及影响因素——以花溪十里河滩国家城市湿地公园为例[J]. 环境化学, 2023, 42(10): 3487-3499.
	[Feng Huijun, An Jing, Yang Guangbin, et al. Air anion concentration and influencing factors of plant community in urban wetland park: A case study of Huaxi Shilihetan National Urban Wetland Park[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2023, 42(10): 3487-3499. ]
[13]	Li A B, Li Q L, Yang Y H, et al. Stand structure and environment jointly determine negative air ion concentrations in forests: Evidence from concurrent on-site monitoring in four typical subtropical forests during the growing season[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2024, 220: 105684, doi: 10.1016/J.ENVEXPBOT.2024.105684.
[14]	李少宁, 李嫒, 鲁绍伟, 等. 北京西山国家森林公园中空气负离子浓度与气象因子的相关性研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(3): 541-547. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.03.012
	[Li Shaoning, Li Yuan, Lu Shaowei, et al. Correlation between air anion concentration and meterological factors in Beijing Xishan National Forest Park[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2021, 30(3): 541-547. ]
[15]	Wang R, Chen Q, Wang D X. Effects of altitude, plant communities, and canopies on the thermal comfort, negative air ions, and airborne particles of mountain forests in summer[J]. Sustainability, 2022, 14(7): 3882, doi: 10.3390/SU14073882.
[16]	马红璐, 祁栋林, 赵彤, 等. 西宁市夏季居民区空气负离子浓度变化特征及其影响因子分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(8): 1358-1366. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.428
	[Ma Honglu, Qi Donglin, Zhao Tong, et al. Variation characteristics and influencing factors of air negative ion concentration in summer residential areas of Xining City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(8): 1358-1366. ] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.428
[17]	马圆, 朱荣, 杨荣, 等. 宁夏大学校园不同绿地类型夏季小气候效应[J]. 中国城市林业, 2024, 22(2): 26-35.
	[Ma Yuan, Zhu Rong, Yang Rong, et al. Microclimate effect of green spaces of different types in Ningxia University campus in summer[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2024, 22(2): 26-35. ]
[18]	杨畅, 王月容, 汤志颖, 等. 不同群落结构风景游憩林生态保健效应——以北京西山国家森林公园为例[J]. 生态学报, 2022, 42(16): 6499-6513.
	[Yang Chang, Wang Yuerong, Tang Zhiying, et al. Ecological health care effects of scenic recreational forests with different community structures: A case study of Beijing Xishan National Forest Park[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(16): 6499-6513. ]
[19]	朱舒欣, 何茜, 苏艳, 等. 不同地理空间城市森林空气负离子浓度及其影响因素研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2023, 45(11): 66-77.
	[Zhu Shuxin, He Qian, Su Yan, et al. Negative air ion concentration and its influencing factors of urban forest in different geographical spaces[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2023, 45(11): 66-77. ]
[20]	韩文静, 张昶, 张旭, 等. 湖南省森林植物园游客空间分布格局及可达性[J]. 中国城市林业, 2021, 19(5): 34-39.
	[Han Wenjing, Zhang Chang, Zhang Xu, et al. Tourists spatial distribution pattern and accessibility in Hunan forest botanical garden[J]. Journal of Chinese Urban Forestry, 2021, 19(5): 34-39. ]
[21]	杨丹晨, 陈羿汝, 冯照馨, 等. 基于城市生物多样性提升的杨凌树木园景观规划设计研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2023, 38(1): 266-272.
	[Yang Danchen, Chen Yiru, Feng Zhaoxin, et al. Landscape planning and design of Yangling arboretum based on the promotion of urban biodiversity[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2023, 38(1): 266-272. ]
[22]	任海, 文香英, 廖景平, 等. 试论植物园功能变迁与中国国家植物园体系建设[J]. 生物多样性, 2022, 30(4): 197-207.
	[Ren Hai, Wen Xiangying, Liao Jingping, et al. The view on functional changes of botanical gardens and the establishment of China’s national botanical garden system[J]. Biodiversity Science, 2022, 30(4): 197-207. ]
[23]	Wan X, Zhou R Y, Li L W, et al. Factors influencing the concentration of negative air ions in urban forests of the Zhuyu Bay Scenic Area in Yangzhou, China[J]. Atmosphere, 2024, 15(3): 15030316, doi: 10.3390/ATMOS15030316.
[24]	邵海荣, 贺庆棠, 阎海平, 等. 北京地区空气负离子浓度时空变化特征的研究[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(3): 35-39.
	[Shao Hairong, He Qingtang, Yan Haiping, et al. Spatio-temporal changes of negative air ion concentrations in Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(3): 35-39. ]
[25]	王茜. 福州旗山森林公园毛竹游憩林生态保健功能研究[D]. 北京: 中国林业科学研究院, 2018.
	[Wang Qian. Study on ecological health functions of Phyllostachys pubescens forest in Qishan Mountain of Fuzhou[D]. Beijing: Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2018. ]
[26]	包红光, 闫晓云, 王波, 等. 干旱半干旱地区城市公园绿地空气负离子浓度特征及影响因素[J]. 东北林业大学学报, 2024, 52(5): 82-88.
	[Bao Hongguang, Yan Xiaoyun, Wang Bo, et al. The characteristics and influencing factors of air negative ion concentration in urban park green spaces in arid and semi-arid regions[J]. Journal of Northeast Foreatry University, 2024, 52(5): 82-88. ]
[27]	Li A B, Zhou B Z, Li C Y. Negative air ion effect of six typical subtropical tree species based on control experiment[J]. Forest Research, 2019, 32(4): 120-128.
[28]	Peters E B, Mcfadden J P, Montgomery R A. Biological and environmental controls on tree transpiration in a suburban landscape[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Biogeosciences, 2010, 115(G4): G04006, doi: 10.1029/2009JG001266.
[29]	潘剑彬, 董丽, 廖晓圣, 等. 北京奥林匹克森林公园空气负离子浓度及其影响因素[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2011, 33(2): 59-64.
	[Pan Jianbin, Dong Li, Liao Xiaosheng, et al. Negative air ion concentration and affecting factors in Beijing Olympic Forest Park[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2011, 33(2): 59-64. ]
[30]	韩静波, 张智, 张维康, 等. 沈阳东陵公园不同功能分区空气颗粒物与负离子变化[J]. 生态学杂志, 2020, 39(9): 3099-3107.
	[Han Jingbo, Zhang Zhi, Zhang Weikang, et al. Variation of particulate matter and negative air ions in different functional areas of Dongling Park in Shenyang[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2020, 39(9): 3099-3107. ] doi: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202009.036
[31]	刘双芳, 张维康, 韩静波, 等. 不同植被结构对空气质量的调控功能[J]. 生态环境学报, 2020, 29(8): 1602-1609. doi: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2020.08.011
	[Liu Shuangfang, Zhang Weikang, Han Jingbo, et al. Regulation of air quality by different vegetation structures in a green space[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2020, 29(8): 1602-1609. ]
[32]	王茜, 王月容, 古琳. 北京奥森公园侧柏林空气颗粒物不同季节变化规律[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2022, 22(17): 6927-6936.
	[Wang Qian, Wang Yuerong, Gu Lin. Seasonal variation of airborne particulate matter of Platycladus orientalis forest in Olympic Forest Park of Beijing[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2022, 22(17): 6927-6936. ]
[33]	唐堇洢, 王梦楠, 胡希军, 等. 上杭城区空气负离子浓度时空分布及影响因素[J]. 湖南师范大学自然科学学报, 2023, 46(5): 124-135.
	[Tang Jinyi, Wang Mengnan, Hu Xijun, et al. Spatio-temporal distribution of negative air ion concentration and its influencing factors in Shanghang City[J]. Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University, 2023, 46(5): 124-135. ]
[34]	焦美玲, 韩晶, 曹彦超, 等. 庆阳市空气污染及气象因子影响特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(6): 932-941. doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.302
	[Jiao Meiling, Han Jing, Cao Yanchao, et al. Characteristics of air pollution and meteorological factors in Qingyang City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(6): 932-941. ] doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.302
[35]	时聪, 鲁绍伟, 赵娜, 等. 北京城市森林空气负离子浓度对温度的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(6): 1365-1372.
	[Shi Cong, Lu Shaowei, Zhao Na, et al. Responses of negative air ion concentration to temperature in urban forests of Beijing[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(6): 1365-1372. ] doi: DOI: 10.13292/j.1000-4890.202306.018
[36]	包红光, 闫晓云, 侯秀娟, 等. 干旱半干旱城市公园绿地PM_2.5与空气负离子浓度动态特征[J]. 生态学杂志, 2023, 42(1): 170-179.
	[Bao Hongguang, Yan Xiaoyun, Hou Xiujuan, et al. Temporal variation of PM_2.5 and air anion concentration in urban park greenspace of arid and semi-arid area[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2023, 42(1): 170-179. ]

Just accepted

Online first

Just accepted

Online first

Viewed

Full text

From	Others	local

Times	40	21
Rate	66%	34%

Abstract

175

Just accepted	Online first	Issue

0	0	175

From	Others	local

Times	152	23
Rate	87%	13%

Cited

Web of Science	Crossref	ScienceDirect	Search for Citations in Google Scholar >>


This page requires you have already subscribed to WoS.

Shared

观测点	植物群落	主要植物种类	平均高度/m		平均胸径/cm
观测点	植物群落	主要植物种类	乔木层	灌木层	平均胸径/cm
S1	乔草型针叶林	樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）	20.32±0.22	-	20.57±0.03
S2	乔草型针叶林	樟子松（Pinus sylvestris）	22.16±0.18	-	16.96±0.16
		侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）
		杜松（Juniperus rigida）
S3	乔草型针叶林	杜松（Juniperus rigida）	21.18±0.31	-	23.91±0.15
S4	乔灌草型针阔林	油松（Pinus tabuliformis）	19.97±0.33	5.22±0.28	14.81±0.27
		紫丁香（Syringa oblata）
		榆叶梅（Prunus triloba）
S5	乔草型针叶林	油松（Pinus tabuliformis）	19.34±0.14	-	21.98±0.31
S6	乔灌草型针阔林	油松（Pinus tabuliformis）	22.61±0.23	6.19±0.37	22.91±0.26
		紫丁香（Syringa oblata）
		黑茶藨子（Ribes nigrum）
S7	乔灌草型针阔林	云杉（Picea asperata）	19.31±0.32	5.24±0.41	18.05±0.21
		榆叶梅（Prunus triloba）
		山桃（Prunus davidiana）
		接骨木（Sambucus williamsii）
S8	灌草型阔叶林	紫丁香（Syringa oblata）	-	5.61±0.22	8.61±0.32
S9	乔草型针叶林	云杉（Picea asperata）	20.13±0.21		24.27±0.17
S10	乔草型阔叶林	三花槭（Acer triflorum）	18.21±0.27	-	8.64±0.19
S10	乔草型阔叶林	元宝槭（Acer truncatum）	18.21±0.27	-	8.64±0.19
S11	灌木型阔叶林	紫丁香（Syringa oblata）	-	5.43±0.32	4.32±0.16
CK	对照点	硬质铺装广场	-	-	-

空气清洁度等级	安培空气离子评价指数（CI）
最清洁	CI≥1.00
清洁	0.70≤CI<1.00
中等	0.50≤CI<0.70
接受	0.30≤CI<0.50
污染	CI<0.3

观测点	春季		夏季		秋季		冬季
观测点	CI	等级	CI	等级	CI	等级	CI	等级
S1	15.92±1.93Aa	最清洁	1.34±0.52Ab	最清洁	12.93±7.48ABab	最清洁	1.46±1.17Ab	最清洁
S2	10.72±5.89Aa	最清洁	1.16±0.47Ab	最清洁	9.03±3.99ABa	最清洁	1.81±1.28Ab	最清洁
S3	12.88±7.11Aa	最清洁	1.58±0.75Ab	最清洁	12.89±7.88ABa	最清洁	0.69±0.62Ab	中等
S4	4.44±1.68Aab	最清洁	1.55±0.84Ab	最清洁	8.56±3.04ABa	最清洁	0.45±0.35Ab	接受
S5	5.06±2.15Ab	最清洁	1.18±0.53Ab	最清洁	12.07±6.26ABa	最清洁	0.39±0.24Ab	接受
S6	10.88±6.35Aa	最清洁	2.47±1.86Aa	最清洁	5.92±3.56Ba	最清洁	0.90±0.69Aa	清洁
S7	16.69±4.48Aa	最清洁	0.85±0.35Ab	清洁	6.56±1.85ABab	最清洁	1.14±0.98Ab	最清洁
S8	16.94±5.52Aa	最清洁	2.52±0.17Aa	最清洁	15.37±10.48Aa	最清洁	1.43±1.28Aa	最清洁
S9	8.96±5.23Aa	最清洁	0.90±0.37Ab	清洁	3.67±1.81Bab	最清洁	0.84±0.68Ab	清洁
S10	14.98±2.11Aa	最清洁	1.57±0.90Aa	最清洁	9.50±4.20ABab	最清洁	0.56±0.50Aa	中等
S11	10.00±3.92Aa	最清洁	1.26±0.57Aa	最清洁	4.65±2.08Ba	最清洁	0.78±0.62Aa	清洁
CK	12.86±6.32Aa	最清洁	0.74±0.33Aa	清洁	9.34±6.64ABab	最清洁	0.96±0.84Aa	清洁

季节	TSP	PM₁₀	PM_2.5	PM_1.0	V	RH	T	N⁺	DT	AT
春季	-0.08	0.40^**	0.40^**	0.39^**	-0.08	0.10	-0.26^**	-0.11	0.01	-0.05
夏季	-0.57^**	-0.42^**	-0.47^**	-0.60^**	-0.06	0.03	-0.06	0.35^**	-0.01	-0.02
秋季	-0.18^*	-0.09	-0.15^*	-0.25^**	0.01	-0.15^*	0.06	-0.12	-0.10	0.07
冬季	-0.07	-0.06	-0.10	-0.09	0.03	0.03	0.17_**	-0.10	0.19^**	-0.02
四季	0.11^**	-0.07^*	0.25^**	0.22^**	0.04	0.01	0.07	-0.21^**	-0.02	0.02

季节	自变量	直接通径系数	间接通径系数					对R²的贡献	决策系数
季节	自变量	直接通径系数	X₁	X₂	X₃	X₄	X₅	对R²的贡献	决策系数
春季	PM₁₀（X₁）	0.28	-	0.14	-0.02	-	-	0.11	0.15
	PM_2.5（X₂）	0.23	0.17	-	-0.01	-	-	0.09	0.13
	N⁺（X₃）	-0.15	0.03	0.01	-	-	-	0.02	0.01
夏季	PM_1.0（X₁）	-0.98	-	0.39	-	-	-	0.58	0.20
夏季	PM_2.5（X₂）	0.43	-0.89	-	-	-	-	-0.20	-0.58
秋季	PM_1.0（X₁）	-0.23	-	-0.07	0.06	-0.01	-	0.06	0.06
	TSP（X₂）	-0.49	-0.03	-	0.35	-0.01	-	0.09	-0.06
	PM₁₀（X₃）	0.40	-0.03	-0.44	-	-0.02	-	-0.03	-0.23
	RH（X₄）	-0.14	-0.01	-0.05	0.04	-	-	0.02	0.22
冬季	DT（X₁）	0.24	-	-0.08	0.03	-	-	0.05	-0.50
	PM_2.5（X₂）	-1.54	0.01	-	1.42	-	-	0.16	-2.04
	PM_1.0（X₃）	1.43	0.01	-1.53	-	-	-	-0.13	-2.30
四季	PM_2.5（X₁）	2.53	-	-0.34	-1.84	0.001	-0.11	0.63	-5.15
	PM₁₀（X₂）	-0.68	1.27	-	-0.58	0.01	-0.08	0.05	0.09
	PM_1.0（X₃）	-1.91	2.43	-0.21	-	-0.01	-0.10	-0.41	-0.87
	N⁺（X₄）	-0.19	-0.06	0.04	-0.01	-	0.01	0.04	0.03
	DT（X₅）	-0.19	1.49	-0.30	-1.02	0.01	-	0.01	0.01