自然光照和荫蔽条件下两种荒漠植物叶片凋落物分解特征研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.434

干旱区地理 ›› 2023, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (6): 949-957.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.434

自然光照和荫蔽条件下两种荒漠植物叶片凋落物分解特征研究

王嘉年^1,^2,^3,⁴(),李向义^1,^2,^3,⁴(),李成道^1,^2,³,张爱林^1,^2,^3,⁴,林丽莎^1,^2,³

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所新疆荒漠植物根系生态与植被修复重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，新疆策勒 848300
4.中国科学院大学，北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-09-04 修回日期:2022-12-13 出版日期:2023-06-25 发布日期:2023-07-24
通讯作者: 李向义（1969-），男，研究员，主要从事植物适应性、植被恢复等研究工作. E-mail: Lixy@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:王嘉年（1995-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区植物生理方面的研究. E-mail: wangjianian20@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41877420);国家自然科学基金项目(42171066);中国科学院“西部之光”项目(2019-FPGGRC)

Decomposition characteristics of two desert plant leaf under natural light and shade environment

WANG Jianian^1,^2,^3,⁴(),LI Xiangyi^1,^2,^3,⁴(),LI Chengdao^1,^2,³,ZHANG Ailin^1,^2,^3,⁴,LIN Lisha^1,^2,³

1. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Plant Roots Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. Cele National Field Research Station for Desert Steppe Ecosystems, Qira 848300, Xinjiang, China
4. University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China

Received:2022-09-04 Revised:2022-12-13 Online:2023-06-25 Published:2023-07-24

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘环境条件恶劣，土壤养分含量匮乏，植物群落结构和组成较简单，不同环境要素对凋落物分解的影响都存在复杂性和特殊性。为探究极端干旱区凋落物的分解特征，以塔克拉玛干沙漠南缘优势植物种骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）和花花柴（Karelinia caspia）的叶片凋落物为研究对象，利用凋落物分解袋法，研究在自然光照和遮光处理下两种荒漠植物叶片凋落物质量分解和碳（C）、氮（N）元素含量释放特征。结果表明：（1）两种植物叶片凋落物的质量损失过程均符合指数衰减模型。（2）经过9个月的分解，自然光照下骆驼刺和花花柴凋落物的失重率分别为39.81%和45.43%;遮光处理下两种凋落物的失重率分别为22.22%和20.06%，光照条件下凋落物的分解速率显著高于遮光条件（P<0.05）。（3）在整个分解过程中，两种植物叶凋落物C含量呈释放状态，而其N含量呈现不同的释放状态，骆驼刺叶凋落物N含量呈现富集-释放-富集的状态，花花柴叶凋落物N含量呈现富集状态。综上所述，在极端干旱区，光辐射是影响凋落物分解的主要驱动因素。

关键词: 极端干旱, 质量损失, 凋落物分解, 光降解, 养分释放

Abstract:

In the southern edge of the Taklimakan Desert, the environmental conditions are harsh, the soil nutrient content is deficient, the plant community structure and composition are relatively simple. The impact of various environmental factors on litter decomposition is complex and specific. To explore the decomposition characteristics of litter in extremely arid areas, we conducted a study using litter decomposition bags to analyze the leaf litter of two dominant desert plant species, Alhagi sparsifolia and Karelinia caspia, under natural light and shade treatments. We investigated the mass loss and release characteristics of carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) in leaf litter. The results were as follows: (1) The mass loss process of both plant litter samples followed an exponential decay model. (2) After nine months of decomposition, the mass loss rates of the Alhagi sparsifolia and Karelinia caspia leaf litter samples were 39.81%, 45.43%, 22.22%, and 20.06% under natural light and shade treatments, respectively. The decomposition rate of litter under light conditions was significantly higher than that under shade conditions (P<0.05). (3) Throughout the decomposition process, the C content of both plant litter samples was in a state of release, whereas the N content exhibited different release states. The N content of Alhagi sparsifolia leaf litter exhibited an enrichment-release-enrichment state, whereas that of Karelinia caspia leaf litter exhibited an enrichment state. In conclusion, our study suggests that light radiation is the primary driving factor affecting litter decomposition in extremely arid areas.

Key words: extreme drought, mass loss, litters decomposition, photodegradation, nutrient release

王嘉年, 李向义, 李成道, 张爱林, 林丽莎. 自然光照和荫蔽条件下两种荒漠植物叶片凋落物分解特征研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(6): 949-957.

WANG Jianian, LI Xiangyi, LI Chengdao, ZHANG Ailin, LIN Lisha. Decomposition characteristics of two desert plant leaf under natural light and shade environment[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 949-957.

图/表 5

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物种	C/g·kg^-1	N/g·kg^-1	C:N	纤维素/%	半纤维素/%	木质素/%
骆驼刺（Alhagi sparsifolia）	395.8±5.83a	15.4±0.18a	25.7±0.22b	28.1±0.7a	2.8±0.3b	10.7±0.3b
花花柴（Karelinia caspia）	340.6±6.89b	7.11±0.13b	48.0±1.13a	24.9±1.4a	14.3±1.9a	14.7±0.8a

物种	处理	Olson指数模型	分解系数/g·g^-1·a^-1	决定系数	T_50%/a	T_95%/a
骆驼刺	自然光照	y=104.07e^-0.737^t	0.737	0.8814	0.94	4.06
	遮光	y=101.47e^-0.367^t	0.367	0.8460	1.89	8.16
花花柴	自然光照	y=101.34e^-0.818^t	0.818	0.9436	0.85	3.66
	遮光	y=100.85e^-0.361^t	0.361	0.7937	1.92	8.30

因素	df	均方	F	P
修正模型	27	704.095	57.037	0.000
截距	1	705679.800	57165.793	0.000
S	1	154.637	12.527	0.001^**
T	6	2121.226	171.836	0.000^**
D	1	4637.232	375.653	0.000^**
S×T	6	8.801	0.713	0.640
S×D	1	124.123	10.055	0.002^**
T×D	6	199.757	16.182	0.000^**
S×T×D	6	19.311	1.564	0.168
误差	84	12.340	-	-

自然光照和荫蔽条件下两种荒漠植物叶片凋落物分解特征研究

Decomposition characteristics of two desert plant leaf under natural light and shade environment

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