基于“三生”空间的农牧交错区城市土地利用转型及生态环境效应分析——以包头市为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.328

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农牧交错区的土地利用转型及生态环境建设，是我国西北地区可持续发展的重要支撑。基于“三生”空间视角，运用包头市2000、2010、2020年3期遥感数据，通过土地转移矩阵、生态环境质量指数和生态贡献率等方法，分析其土地利用转型特征与生态环境效应。结果表明：（1）研究期内包头市“三生”空间总体格局稳定，生产、生态用地减少，生活用地持续增加。牧草生态用地转出面积最多，农业生产用地次之;城镇生活用地与工矿生产用地流入面积最大。（2） 2000—2020年包头市生态环境质量指数下降，分别为0.6292、0.6208、0.6194，但改善趋势大于恶化趋势;城市北部生态高质量区面积有所减少;中部中质量区缓慢减少，南部低质量区持续向东南方向递增。（3）牧草生态用地被占用产生的生态环境负效应较大，而其他生态用地、农业生产用地向牧草生态用地转化则为生态环境改良的主导因素。通过研究包头市的土地利用转型及其生态环境效应，以期为农牧交错区城市的“三生”空间优化、生态环境保护提供借鉴。

关键词: “三生”空间, 土地利用转型, 生态环境效应, 农牧交错地区, 包头市

Abstract:

The transformation of land use and ecological environment construction in the agro-pastoral transitional zone serves as an important supporting factor for sustainable development in northwestern China. Based on the perspective of ecological-production-living space and using remote sensing data from 2000, 2010, and 2020 in Baotou City, this paper analyzes the characteristics of land use transformation and its ecological environment effects through methods such as land transfer matrix, ecological environment quality index, and ecological contribution rate. The results show that: (1) The overall pattern of the ecological-production-living space in Baotou City remained stable during the research period, with a decrease in production and ecological land and a continuous increase in residential land. The area of grassland ecological land transferred out is the largest, followed by agricultural production land; the area of urban residential land and industrial production land transferred in is the largest. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the ecological environment quality index of Baotou City decreased, with values of 0.6292, 0.6208, and 0.6194, but the improvement trend is greater than the deterioration trend. The area of high-quality ecological areas in the northern part of the city decreased, the medium-quality areas in the central part decreased slowly, and the low-quality areas in the southern area continued to increase towards the southeast. (3) The negative ecological environment effects generated by occupying grassland ecological land are significant, while the transformation of other ecological land and agricultural production land into grassland ecological land is the main factor in improving the ecological environment. By studying the land use transformation and ecological environment effects in Baotou City, this paper aims to provide reference for the optimization of the ecological-production-living space in urban agro-pastoral transitional zones and ecological environment protection.

Key words: ecological-production-living spaces, land use function transformation, ecological environment effect, agro-pastoral ecotone, Baotou City

张梦圆, 荣丽华, 李伊彤, 党慧. 基于“三生”空间的农牧交错区城市土地利用转型及生态环境效应分析——以包头市为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023, 46(6): 958-967.

ZHANG Mengyuan, RONG Lihua, LI Yitong, DANG Hui. Land use function transformation in the agro-pastoral ecotone based on ecological-production-living spaces and associated eco-environment effects: A case of Baotou City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2023, 46(6): 958-967.

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“三生”土地利用主导功能分类		土地利用分类系统的二级分类	生态环境质量指数
一级地类	二级地类	土地利用分类系统的二级分类	生态环境质量指数
生产用地	Ⅰ	水田、旱地	0.293
生产用地	Ⅱ	工矿、交通建设用地	0.010
生态用地	Ⅲ	有林地、灌木林地、疏林地、其他林地	0.883
	Ⅳ	高、中、低覆盖度草地	0.798
	Ⅴ	冰川和永久积雪地、水库坑塘、滩地河渠、湖泊、海涂	0.521
	Ⅵ	裸土地、裸岩石砾地、沼泽地、沙地、戈壁、盐碱地、裸岩石砾地	0.025
生活用地	Ⅶ	城镇用地	0.010
生活用地	Ⅷ	农村居民点用地	0.010

年份	生产用地		生态用地				生活用地
年份	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ	Ⅴ	Ⅵ	Ⅶ	Ⅷ
2000	4981.36	37.93	1108.95	18308.71	443.32	1919.06	46.92	707.84
2010	4801.08	284.84	1260.86	17894.23	465.17	1908.47	192.03	742.63
2020	4633.20	377.33	1264.67	17884.03	500.41	1863.53	302.91	723.23
2000—2010	-180.28	246.91	151.91	-414.48	21.85	-10.59	145.11	34.79
2010—2020	-167.88	92.49	3.81	-10.20	35.24	-44.94	110.88	-19.40
2000—2020	-348.16	339.40	155.72	-424.68	57.09	-55.53	255.99	15.39
2000—2020	-8.76		-267.40				271.38

年份	土地利用类型	2010年
年份	土地利用类型	Ⅰ		Ⅱ		Ⅲ		Ⅳ		Ⅴ		Ⅵ		Ⅶ	Ⅷ	转出量
2000	Ⅰ	4678.82		10.03		111.47		45.39		19.94		14.42		122.10	17.86	341.21
	Ⅱ	0.07		37.03		0.00		0.04		0.00		0.01		1.07	0.01	1.20
	Ⅲ	7.03		3.08		1055.51		33.45		0.94		12.84		4.12	0.58	62.04
	Ⅳ	111.83		208.17		100.78		17838.44		34.01		86.59		18.25	52.78	612.41
	Ⅴ	7.83		0.77		1.39		15.64		403.24		17.47		0.05	0.37	43.52
	Ⅵ	23.69		7.12		0.64		97.70		10.45		1791.40		1.35	1.59	142.54
	Ⅶ	0.04		18.38		0.03		0.10		0.00		0.00		28.73	0.00	18.55
	Ⅷ	9.44		2.52		1.25		5.80		0.29		0.94		17.85	675.24	38.09
	转入量	159.93		250.07		215.56		198.12		65.63		132.27		164.79	73.19	-
年份	土地利用类型	2020年
年份	土地利用类型	Ⅰ	Ⅱ		Ⅲ		Ⅳ		Ⅴ		Ⅵ		Ⅶ		Ⅷ	转出量
2010	Ⅰ	4493.19		51.01		20.44		146.58		23.66		12.33		48.72	43.26	346.00
	Ⅱ	2.37		107.70		2.47		159.61		0.44		0.83		13.48	0.21	179.41
	Ⅲ	14.44		10.58		1179.33		54.38		2.87		2.20		3.43	3.64	91.54
	Ⅳ	112.03		177.23		62.65		17519.21		35.34		57.25		30.89	41.67	517.06
	Ⅴ	8.51		14.98		2.30		20.86		408.92		7.68		4.04	1.57	59.94
	Ⅵ	8.39		12.35		4.65		63.63		31.09		1796.00		5.07	2.44	127.62
	Ⅶ	0.77		0.08		0.25		1.65		0.06		0.09		190.63	0.02	2.92
	Ⅷ	30.29		6.40		2.62		60.06		2.00		1.95		9.05	636.16	112.37
	转入量	176.80		272.63		95.38		506.77		95.46		82.33		114.68	92.81	-

生态环境类型	2000年		2010年		2020年
生态环境类型	面积/km²	比重/%	面积/km²	比重/%	面积/km²	比重/%
低质量区	792.69	2.88	1219.62	4.43	1403.49	5.09
较低质量区	1919.13	6.96	1908.90	6.93	1863.74	6.76
中质量区	4981.59	18.08	4801.65	17.42	4634.46	16.81
较高质量区	443.38	1.61	465.34	1.69	501.65	1.82
高质量区	19418.06	70.47	19159.41	69.53	19151.30	69.45

类型	2000—2010年			2010—2020年			2000—2020年
类型	土地利用转换类型	生态贡献率	贡献占比/%	土地利用转换类型	生态贡献率	贡献占比/%	土地利用转换类型	生态贡献率	贡献占比/%
生态正效应	Ⅵ-Ⅳ	0.00272	37.22	Ⅱ-Ⅳ	0.00452	34.54	Ⅵ-Ⅳ	0.00336	28.51
	Ⅰ-Ⅲ	0.00237	32.41	Ⅰ-Ⅳ	0.00267	20.33	Ⅷ-Ⅳ	0.00270	22.92
	Ⅰ-Ⅳ	0.00083	11.30	Ⅵ-Ⅳ	0.00177	13.51	Ⅰ-Ⅲ	0.00256	21.68
	Ⅳ-Ⅲ	0.00031	4.22	Ⅷ-Ⅳ	0.00170	13.00	Ⅳ-Ⅴ	0.00069	5.87
小计		0.00622	85.15		0.01068	81.38		0.00932	78.98
生态负效应	Ⅳ-Ⅱ	0.00591	37.67	Ⅳ-Ⅱ	0.00503	34.98	Ⅳ-Ⅱ	0.00604	28.19
	Ⅳ-Ⅵ	0.00241	15.37	Ⅳ-Ⅰ	0.00204	14.17	Ⅳ-Ⅵ	0.00338	15.74
	Ⅳ-Ⅰ	0.00203	12.97	Ⅳ-Ⅵ	0.00160	11.08	Ⅳ-Ⅰ	0.00315	14.71
	Ⅳ-Ⅷ	0.00150	9.55	Ⅳ-Ⅷ	0.00119	8.22	Ⅰ-Ⅶ	0.00178	8.28
小计		0.01185	75.56		0.00984	68.45		0.01435	66.92