阿尔泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.05.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以阿尔泰山森林生态系统为研究对象并依据《森林生态系统服务功能评估规范》（LY/T 1721—2008），通过利用空间分析的方法对阿尔泰山森林资源二类调查数据处理分析，得到了阿尔泰山不同类型森林生态系统的生态服务价值和阿尔泰山生态服务价值的影响因素。结果表明：阿尔泰山森林生态服务价值量为 47 957.79×106 元·a^-1，价值量的大小为：涵养水源＞固碳释氧＞保护生物多样性＞净化大气环境＞保育土壤＞积累营养物质，其中涵养水源是主导服务功能；不同林龄的生态服务价值量呈现为：成熟林＞过熟林＞近熟林＞中龄林＞幼龄林；按照林场划分，各个林场的生态服务价值呈现富蕴林场＞阿勒泰林场＞新疆阿尔泰山两河源自然保护区＞布尔津林场＞青河林场＞哈巴河林场＞福海林场的顺序。

关键词: 森林生态系统, 服务功能, 林场, 阿尔泰山

Abstract: The Altai Mountains forest is the only southern Taiga forest in China, and it is an important water conservation forest area for regional social and economic development. The Irtysh River it conserves is the only river in China that flows into the Arctic Ocean. Forests have ecological benefits such as water conservation, water and soil maintainance, snow line rise control, and climate regulation. The Altai Mountains forest plays a decisive role in the Altai region’s social and economic development, such as industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, and territorial ecological security. The forest also contributes to the social and economic development of the lower reaches of the Irtysh River in China and influences the relevant watersheds of Kazakhstan and Russia. The Altai Mountains forests are mainly distributed in the mid-mountain zone at 1400-2000 m, which is a cold temperate Taiga forest type, and the forest coverage rate is 45.73%. To quantify the value of the ecological services of various types of vegetation and forest farms, this study follows“Specifications for assessment of forest ecosystem services in China”(LY/T 1721- 2008). Based on second- level survey data of forest resources, this paper analyzes forest types and the service functions of different forest farms. The results are as follows. The value of forest ecological services in the Altai Mountains forest is 47,957.79 × 106 yuan · a^{? 1}. The value of ecosystem services consists of water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biodiversity protection, atmospheric purification, soil conservation, and nutrient accumulation. Most of the value of ecological services for different forest ages comes mainly from mature and overmature forests. The value of ecosystem services, from highest to lowest is as follows: mature forest, overmature forest, near-mature forest, middle-age forest, and young forest. To achieve improve the proportion of forest age it is recommended to reasonably thin trees of higher forest age and reduce human disturbances to lower age forests. Forest ecosystems are divided according to forest farms, and the values of ecosystem services from the Altai Mountains forest from highest to lowest, are from the following farms: Fuyun Forest Farm, Altai Forest Farm, Xinjiang Altay Mountains Two River Source Nature Reserve, Burqin Forest Farm, Qinghe Forest Farm, Habahe Forest Farm, and Fuhai Forest Farm. Mountain forests are a natural barrier for protecting oases, making them an important guarantee for maintaining ecological security in Xinjiang and the foundation of sustainable social and economic development. Evaluating the service function value of the forest ecosystem in the Altai Mountains provides guidance for the scientific management of forest resources. It also has important theoretical and practical significance for establishing an ecological compensation system.

Key words: forest ecosystem, service function, forest farms, Altai Mountains

孙庆祥, 周华荣 . 阿尔泰山森林生态系统服务功能及其价值评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(5): 1327-1336.

SUN Qing-xiang, ZHOU Hua-rong. Service function and value evaluation of the Altai Mountains forest ecosystem[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(5): 1327-1336.

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