尾矿区居民的环境污染感知研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.04.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以陕西省商洛市商州区典型的铅锌矿尾矿区—铁炉子村为研究区,以问卷的形式调查了常住居民对开矿引起的环境污染的感知状况,采用秩和检验及相关分析方法,研究该尾矿区居民的环境污染感知状况与居民属性的关系。结果表明：（1）尾矿区居民认为该尾矿区最为严重的环境问题为水污染,其次为粉尘和大气污染等。（2）超过50%的居民认为矿区的大气、粉尘和水污染等环境污染均与开矿有关系,且开矿对居民身体健康和生产造成了不同程度的影响,最有可能使居民患上肺吸尘等呼吸系统疾病,并使矿区周围的农牧业减产。（3）居民属性与居民对环境污染感知的相关关系表明,居民职业显著影响居民对水和噪音污染以及健康担心程度的感知,居民年龄与其对环境卫生污染的感知、居民文化程度与其对大气污染的感知、居住时间与居民对粉尘和水污染的感知均呈显著正相关,居民文化程度对环境卫生污染的感知、居民距矿区的距离与其对粉尘、水、噪音、环境污染感知均呈显著负相关,居民性别对环境污染的感知无明显影响。研究可为当地政府部门治理和规划尾矿区的环境提供理论依据。

关键词: 环境污染感知, 铅锌矿, 居民属性, 秩和检验, 商洛市

Abstract: This study was conducted in Tieluzi Village,a typical tailings area of the Shangzhou District,which is located in Shangluo City,Shaanxi Province,China. Field interviews and questionnaires resulted in 240 valid questionnaires. These results were analyzed through rank-sum test and correlation analysis. This paper studied the environmental pollution perception of the residents in the mining area and analyzed its relationship to the residents’ attributes. The results showed as follows：（1） The residents’ perception of the different types of pollution was different and its intensity was ordered as follows：water pollution （4.52）>dust pollution （3.93）>health concern （3.8）>air pollution （3.6）>noise pollution （3.2）>environmental sanitation pollution （2.91）>environmental satisfaction （1.83）. This indicates the residents’ believe that water and dust pollutions were caused by mining and their impact on the public health were greater compared to other types of pollution. However,the impacts of these two types on the public health were small. （2） More than half of the residents believed that the environmental pollution,such as water pollution,dust pollution,air pollution,noise pollution,and environmental sanitation pollution,in the mining area was related to mining activities,and mining had different effects on the health and productivity of the residents. More than half （58%） of the residents believed that the environmental pollution in mining areas might cause respiratory diseases,such as pneumoconiosis. In fact,the percentages of the residents who suffered from rhinitis,cancer,and weakened immune function due to mining were 20%,8%,and 7%,respectively. In addition,they believed that pollution caused by mining reduced the agriculture production and animal husbandry as well as quality of agricultural products,while increasing the production cost. The mining activities were found to account for decreases of 42.5% and 25.8% in the formers as well as an increase of 22.9% in the later. （3） The residents attributes’ relationship to the environmental pollution awareness indicated that the influence of gender on the environment pollution perception was not significant. However,the professional attributes showed a significant effect on the perception of water and noise pollutions. Other significant relationships were found between the pollution perception and residents’ attributes: health worry,degree of awareness,age,cultural level affected the environmental pollution perception,especially the atmospheric pollution perception; time perception affected the dust pollution perception; water pollution had a significant negative influence; the distance between the residents and the mining area affected their perception of dust pollution; and finally,pollution awareness had significant negative effects on water,noise,and environmental pollution perceptions. This study can provide a theoretical basis for the local government to manage,plan,and formulate relevant policies for the mining area.

Key words: environmental pollution perception, lead-zinc mine, resident attributes, rank sum test, Shangluo City

杨维鸽, 勾萌萌, 叶媛媛, 李美兰, 龚伟. 尾矿区居民的环境污染感知研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(4): 1108-1116.

YANG Wei-ge, GOU Meng-meng, YE Yuan-yuan, LI Mei-lan, GONG Wei. Perception of environmental pollution in the residents of the tail mining area[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(4): 1108-1116.

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