中国北方风蚀区风速变化时空特征分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.05.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用北方风蚀区155个气象站点1971-2015年平均风速数据，采用气候趋势分析、空间插值和小波分析等方法分析北方风蚀区平均风速的时空变化趋势。结果表明：近45 a来，北方风蚀区年平均风速为2.70 m·s^-1，呈明显减小趋势，其递减速率为0.017 m·s^-1·a^-1（α=0.001），1980s风速减小最快，1990s减小最缓慢，2010s风速出现增大趋势；我国北方风蚀区四季的平均风速均呈现下降趋势，下降速度春季>夏季>秋季>冬季（α=0.001），不同年代不同季节风速变化存在较大差异，2010s除春季外其他季节风速均呈现增大趋势；空间分布上显示，风速变化幅度空间分布差异明显，北方风蚀区内的新疆西北部和东南部、青海、内蒙古中部和东北部、黑龙江以及吉林为风速降低较快的区域，甘肃东南部、宁夏、陕西和山西北部以及新疆的东北部和西部等地区是风速降低不明显的区域。春季和夏季风速降低较快的区域面积扩大，冬季和秋季风速降低较缓的区域扩大；平均风速存在多时间尺度的周期性结构特征，28 a时间尺度左右为风速变化的主周期，平均变化周期为18 a。

关键词: 风速变化, 小波分析, 北方风蚀区

Abstract: In order to research the temporal and spatial characteristics of wind speed changes in the wind erosion region of northern China,annual and seasonal wind speed data from the 155 meteorological stations evenly distributed in the study area were selected from 1971 to 2015,and the methods of climate trending rate,spatial interpolation and wavelet analysis method were used.The annual and seasonal wind speed characteristics,spatial variability of the range of wind speed variety and the period of wind speed changes were analyzed.The results showed as follows that the annual average wind speed was 2.70 m·s^-1 in the wind erosion region of northern China and reduced significantly at a rate of 0.017 m·s^-1·a^-1 (α=0.001) in the last 45 years.Furthermore,the seasonal wind speed trend rate were -0.023 m·s^-1·a^-1 (spring),-0.017 m·s^-1·a^-1 (summer),-0.016 m·s^-1·a^-1 (autumn),-0.014 m·s^-1·a^-1 (winter) (α=0.001), respectively.Wind speed decreased fastest and slowest were in 1980s and 1990s respectively,and wind speed increased only in 2010s.There were significant differences in different decades and seasons.The change range of wind speed had different spatial distribution in the wind erosion region of northern China.The wind speed decreased quickly in the central east,central west,northwest and east part of northern China.The southeastern part of Gansu,Ningxia,northern parts of Shanxi and Shaanxi,Liaoning and northeastern and western parts of Xinjiang provinces were areas where wind speed were not significantly decreasing.In spring and summer,the area of wind speed reduced quickly has extended,and the area of wind speed reduced slowly has extended in winter and autumn.Morlet wavelet analysis revealed that average wind speed exhibited quasi-periodic variations of around 28 year,and the average change period was about 18 years.At present,the wind erosion region of northern China is experiencing a low wind velocity stage.This paper used the latest time series data to analyze the temporal and spatial analysis of wind speed in the whole wind erosion region of northern China to improve the overall and forward understanding of wind speed changes and lay the foundation for predicting the future trend of wind speed, which is of far-reaching significance for preventing the disasters and improving the ecology and environment of the wind erosion region of northern China, and provide reference and scientific basis for the nation to develop and make plans for wind energy resources.

Key words: wind speed change, wavelet analysis, the wind erosion region of northern China

中图分类号:

P425

韩柳, 王静璞, 柴国奇, 吴孟泉, 王周龙. 中国北方风蚀区风速变化时空特征分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(5): 963-971.

HAN Liu, WANG Jing-pu, WANG Guang-zhen, WANG Zhou-long, WU Meng-quan. Spatial and temporal characteristics of average wind speed in the wind erosion region of northern China[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(5): 963-971.

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