苏宏图戈壁沉积物分形空间变异性及其成因

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.01.18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

戈壁沉积物组分结构具有分形特征,能否利用分形特征及其变异性指示戈壁地表沉积物形成过程中的风沙作用目前认识不足。通过计算内蒙古苏宏图戈壁地表表层沉积物的分形维数值并分析了其空间变异性。结果表明：沉积物分形维数值随0.050~0.179 mm跃移组分含量的增大而增大,随0.179~20.919 mm蠕移及风蚀残余组分含量的增大而减小。风为塑造戈壁地貌的主导因素,戈壁沉积物分形值小于冲积、洪积作用下的泥石流沉积物（2.630~2.738）,大于风力作用为主的沙漠、黄土沉积物（2.122、1.930）。风力使戈壁形成“均质面”,空间变异程度为中等空间相关性（32.8%）：主导上风向裸露戈壁地表,沉积物以蠕移及风蚀残余组分为主（平均含量59.88%）,分形维数均值为2.39;下风向半荒漠戈壁地表,沉积物以跃移组分为主（平均含量46.96%）,分形维数均值分别为2.45、2.48,受主导风影响较弱的山间砂砾质地表,蠕移及风蚀残余组分含量较多（平均含量58.22%）,分形维数均值为2.46。分形及其变异性指标可反映戈壁沉积物组分变化中的风沙作用过程。

关键词: 沉积物, 分形维数, 空间变异性, 戈壁

Abstract:

In the Gobi Desert, the composition structure of its sediments have fractal characteristics. These fractal characteristics and their variability to indicate sand’s role in the formation of surface sediments have not been well understood. In this study, we calculated the fractal dimension of surface sediments in the Suhongtu Gobi Desert, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia, China and analyzed its spatial variability. The results showed that the fractal dimensions of sediments increase with the increase of jumping components’ content (0.050-0.179 mm) and then decrease with the increase of creepping and wind erosion residual components’ content (0.179-20.919 mm). In the Gobi Desert, the wind is the dominant factor in shaping the landscape. Gobi sediments’ fractal values are smaller than those of alluvial and alluvial debris flow sediments (2.630-2.738) and larger than those of desert and loess sediments with dominant wind force (2.122 and 1.930, respectively). The wind force makes the Gobi Desert form a “homogeneous surface” with a spatial variability of moderate spatial correlation (32.8%). The dominant wind direction is exposed to the Gobi surface. The sediments are mainly composed of vermicular and wind erosion residual components (average content of 59.88%), and the mean fractal dimension is 2.39. When there is lower wind toward the semi-desert Gobi surface, the sediments are dominated by jump components (average content of 46.96%), with fractal dimension mean values of 2.45 and 2.48, respectively. Furthermore, with weak influence by the dominant wind, the sandy gravel surface between mountains has more vermicular and wind erosion residual components (average content of 58.22%), with a fractal dimension mean value of 2.46. Hence, fractal and variability indices can reflect the sand’s role in changing the Gobi sediments’ composition.

Key words: sediments, fractal dimension, spatial variability, Gobi

刘茜雅,王海兵,左合君,肖建华. 苏宏图戈壁沉积物分形空间变异性及其成因[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(1): 168-177.

LIU Xiya,WANG Haibing,ZUO Hejun,XIAO Jianhua. Fractal spatial variability and its genesis of sediments in Suhongtu Gobi[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(1): 168-177.

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变量	理论模型	块金值（C₀）	基台值（C₀+C）	变程/°	块基比[C₀/（C₀+C）]/%	决定系数	残差
悬移组分含量/%	球状模型	0.071	0.426	0.243	16.7	0.577	0.116
跃移组分含量/%	球状模型	32.300	105.500	0.267	30.6	0.637	3927
蠕移及风蚀残余组分含量/%	球状模型	33.500	115.000	0.264	29.1	0.624	5153
分形维数	线性模型	0.002738	0.008359	0.434	32.8	0.714	1.70×10^-5

研究对象	研究范围	样品个数	最小值		平均值	标准差
戈壁沉积物	苏宏图25 km²范围内	54	2.300	2.640	2.430	0.077
泥石流沉积物	云南蒋家沟、浑水沟	8	2.600	2.900	2.738	0.111
泥石流沉积物	云南东川大凹子沟、多照沟,四川九龙娃娃沟、黄家沟等14条泥石流沟	14	2.450	2.770	2.630	0.100
沙漠沉积物	巴丹吉林沙漠、乌兰布和沙漠、临泽沙漠、腾格里沙漠	88	1.660	2.730	2.122	0.274
黄土沉积物	洛川马兰黄土和伊犁黄土	66	1.820	2.280	1.930	1.750