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干旱区地理 ›› 2019, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 885-892.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2019.04.20

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

青藏铁路错那湖段沙漠化土地变化及成因分析

陈长委，伍永秋，谭利华，杜世松，段金龙   

  1. 地表过程与资源生态国家重点实验室，北京师范大学地理科学学部，北京100875
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-29 修回日期:2019-03-30 出版日期:2019-07-25 发布日期:2019-07-25
  • 通讯作者: 伍永秋. E-mail:ywqu@bnu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:陈长委，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为环境演变. E-mail: 2601355729@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大科学研究计划（2013CB956001）

Desertified land change and its causes in Co Nag Lake region along QinghaiTibet Railway

CHEN Changwei,WU Yongqiu,TAN Lihua,DU Shisong,DUAN Jinlong   

  1. State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Faculty of Geographical Science,Beijing NormalUniversity,Beijing 100875,China
  • Received:2019-01-29 Revised:2019-03-30 Online:2019-07-25 Published:2019-07-25

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摘要： 青藏铁路格拉段铁路建设对沿线沙漠化土地变化的影响，是大家关注的焦点之一。通过利用地理信息系统和遥感监测技术，根据错那湖段Landsat影像、Google Earth影像和气象资料等数据，结合野外实地考察建立解译标志，采用人机交互的目视解译方法，提取青藏铁路错那湖段2001年、2008年和2015年沙漠化土地信息，并对沙漠化土地变化成因进行分析。同时对铁路沿线沙漠化土地的变化进行缓冲区分析。结果表明：（1） 2001—2008年沙漠化土地面积增加2.21 km2，土地沙漠化程度呈减轻趋势；2008—2015年沙漠化土地面积减少8.9 km2，土地沙漠化程度持续减轻。（2） 2001—2008年，沙漠化土地面积的增加主要与人为因素有关，土地沙漠化程度减轻主要与自然因素有关。2008—2015年，沙漠化土地面积的减少以及土地沙漠化程度的减轻主要与人为因素有关。（3） 青藏铁路错那湖段2 km范围内土地沙漠化程度变化最为明显，以沙漠化程度减轻为主要特征，青藏铁路对周边环境的影响范围为2 km。

关键词: 青藏铁路, 错那湖, 沙漠化, 自然因素, 人为因素

Abstract: The impacts of desertified land change (DLC) during the construction of QinghaiTibet Railway of China from Golmud to Lhasa have given rise to important research significance.Based on the Landsat image,Google Earth image and the meteorological data about Co Nag Lake region along QinghaiTibet Railway,this study uses RS and GIS technologies and conducts fieldwork to establish interpretation signs and to construct a classification & grading system for the DLC in the study area,and then employs visual interpretation method to extract the DLC information in 2001,2008 and 2015 respectively.The spatiotemporal evolution of the DLC over the last 15 years is analyzed.The results show as follows: (1) In 2015,the desertified land was mainly sandy land but the area of sandy gravel land was relatively small in study area.The area of desertified land was increased by 2.21 km2 from 2001 to 2008 yet the degree of land desertification showed a declining trend.The desertified land was decreased by 8.9 km2 from 2008 to 2015 and the declining degree of land desertification continued. (2) From 2001 to 2008,the increase in desertified land area was related to the increase in the number of livestock such as yak and sheep.The decline of land desertification was mainly due to the increase of annual mean temperature and the decrease in annual mean wind speed.From 2008 to 2015,the decrease of desertified land and the alleviation of the degree of land desertification were resulted from the gradual decrease in the number of livestock and the implementation of ecological restoration projects by the local government.Hence,human activities played an important role in the decline of land desertification in the 15 years. (3) The construction of the Qinghai-Tibet railway generated a disturbance to the ecological environment in the study area.The scope of influence by railway is about 2 km.While the engineering measurements of controlling land desertification along the railway lines played an important role in alleviating the degree of land desertification.In short,the discussion of the factors including the impacts of railway construction on DLC can provide some scientific basis for the prevention of land desertification and for the rehabilitation of ecological environment.

Key words: QinghaiTibet Railway, Co Nag Lake, desertification, natural factors, human factors