黑河上游天涝池流域典型灌木生态参数研究

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.05.20

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 祁连山自然保护区是河西地区重要的水源涵养区，而灌丛作为祁连山主要植被类型之一，对该区水源涵养功能具有举足轻重的作用。以黑河上游天涝池流域两种典型亚高山灌木为研究对象，基于2014、2015年野外观测和ArcGIS10.1分析功能，获得灌木生长季期间生态参数（叶面积、叶面积指数和比叶面积）的变化；同时，结合分辨率为0.5 m×0.5 m的LiDAR数据和Geoeye-1影像数据，估算研究区灌木叶面积指数的空间分布。研究结果表明：灌木在生长季期间比叶面积值在一定范围内波动；叶面积、叶面积指数变化较大。其中，在6、7月份增加最明显，8月份趋于稳定，9月份叶片开始凋落。其次，随海拔梯度水热条件的不同，流域灌木叶面积指数空间异质性较大，以海拔3 400 m为节点，在3 200~3 400 m海拔带叶面积指数呈递增趋势，在3 400~3 750叶面积指数呈递减趋势。

关键词: 黑河上游, 灌木, 生态参数, 生长季

Abstract: Qilian Mountains is the water conservation area of the Heihe River,Shiyang River and Shule River in northwest China.The Heihe River as the second longest inland river in China has been paid more attention due to its eco-environmental problems.These problems include the continuous decrease in the discharge water of the Heihe River,desertification,salinization and the increase of sand storms.Therefore,a series of conservation programs have been conducted for ecological environmental restoration in Qilian Mountains,especially in the upper reaches of the Heihe River.We selected Tianlaochi catchment in the upper reaches of the Heihe River as the study area and investigated the ecological parameters (i.e.,leaf area,leaf area index,specific leaf area) of a typical shrub species (Dasiphora fruticosa,Caragana jubata) during its growing period.Firstly,the investigation was carried out from May to September in 2014 and 2015.Secondly,we used the remotely sensed data,such as airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and high-resolution remote sensing image (Geoeye-1),to obtain the spatial distribution of shrub leaf area index.The results showed that the specific leaf area was fluctuated during the growing period.The leaf area and leaf area index of shrub were changed obviously,with a significant increase in June and July.However,the result tended to be stabilized in August.The leaf of shrub began to fall in September.With different hydrothermal conditions along the elevation gradient,the spatial distribution of leaf area index presented a great variety.The leaf area index of shrub was increased with the increase of elevation from 3 200 meter to 3 400 meter,nevertheless,it was decreased with an increase of elevation from 3 400 meter to 3 750 meter.The variation of leaf area index with elevation resulted from the combination of the precipitation and temperature.The retrieved parameters will provide inputs for the distributed eco-hydrological model built in the subsequent research.

Key words: the upper reaches of Heihe River, shrub, growing period, ecological parameters

中图分类号:

Q948

李文娟, 黄力平, 赵传燕, 胡东宇, 王清涛. 黑河上游天涝池流域典型灌木生态参数研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(5): 1073-1079.

LI Wen-juan, HUANG Li-ping, ZHAO Chuan-yan, HU Dong-yu, WANG Qing-tao. Ecological parameters of a typical shrub in Tiaolaochi catchment in the upper reach of Heihe River[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(5): 1073-1079.

参考文献

[1] 胡会峰,王志恒,刘国华,等.中国主要灌丛植被碳储量[J].植物生态学报2006,30(4):539-544.[HU Huifeng,WANG Zhiheng,LIU Guohua,et al.Vegetation carbon storage of major shrubands in China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(4):539-544.]
[2] 姜凤岐,杨瑞英,林鹤鸣.灌丛在"三北"防护林体系中的效益评价[J].生态学杂志,1988,7(3):7-11.[JIANG Fengqi,YANG Ruiying,LIN Heming.Evaluation on the efficiency of shrubs in shelter-forest system in"Three Norths"[J].Journal of Ecology,1988,7(3):7-11.]
[3] 王学福.灌木林在祁连山区的作用及其发展策略研究[J].甘肃林业科技,2005,30(2):32-35.[WANG Xuefu.The importance of shrub in Qilian Mountain and its protection and development countermeasure[J].Journal of Gansu Forestry Science and Technology,2005,30(2):32-35.]
[4] 金铭,李毅,王顺利,等.祁连山高山灌丛生物量及其分配特征[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(6):952-958.[JIN Ming,LI Yi,WANG Shunli,et al.Alpine shrubs biomass and its distribution characteristics in Qilian Mountains[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(6):952-958.]
[5] 刘长秀,张宏,泽柏.灌丛对川西北高寒草甸土壤资源的影响[J].山地学报,2006,24(3):357-365.[LIU Changxiu,ZHANG Hong,ZE Bai.Effect of shrub on the alpine meadow soil ecosystem in the northweatern plateau of Sichuan Province,China[J].Journal of Mountain Scinence,2006,24(3):357-365.]
[6] 姜凤岐,卢凤勇.小叶锦鸡儿灌丛地上生物量的预测模式[J].生态学报,1982,2(2):103-110.[JIANG Fengqi,LU Fengyong.The model of estimating above-ground biomass of Caragana microphylla brush[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,1982,2(2):103-110.]
[7] 王启基,周兴民,张堰清,等.青藏高原金露梅灌丛的结构特征及其生物量[J].西北植物学报,1991,11(4):333-340.[WANG Qiji,ZHOU Xingmin,ZHANG Yanqing,et al.Structure characteristics and biomass of potentilla fruticose shrub in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J].Acta Bot Boreal-Occident Sin,1991,11(4):333-340.]
[8] 刘存琦.灌木植物量测定技术的研究[J].草业学报,1994,3(4):61-65.[LIU Cunqi.The study on techniques in determining shrub phytomass[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,1994,3(4):61-65.]
[9] 张峰,上官铁梁,李素珍.关于灌木生物量建模方法的改进[J].生态学杂志,1993,12(6):67-69.[ZHANG Feng,SHANGGUAN Tieliang,LI Suzhen.Improvement on the modelling method of biomass of brush[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,1993,12(6):67-69.]
[10] 王伟民,祝令辉,任鸿昌.中国西部地区灌丛生态系统服务功能效益评估[J].林业资源管理,2008,(4):124-127.[WANG Weimin,ZHU linghui,REN hongchang.Assessment of shrub ecosystem service benefits in weatern China[J].Forest Resources Management,2008,(4):124-127.]
[11] 唐艳,刘连友,哈斯,等.毛乌素沙地南缘3种灌草丛形态与阻沙能力的对比研究[J].水土保持研究,2008,15(2):44-48.[TANG Yan,LIU Lianyou,HA Si,et al.Comparison on morphology and sand trapping capability of three shrubs in south edge of Mu Us Sand Land[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2008,15(2):44-48.]
[12] NAVAR J,BRYAN R.Interception loss and rainfall redistribution by three semi-arid growing shrubs in northeastern Mexico[J].Journal of Hydrology,1990,115(1):51-63.]
[13] BAIRD,ANDREW J.,ROBERT L.WILBY.Eco-hydrology:Plants and water in terrestrial and aquatic environments[J].Psychology Press,1999.
[14] BLACK P E.Watershed hydrology[M].New York:John Wiley & Sons,Inc,1991.
[15] WANG Xinping,ZHANG Yafeng,WANG Zhengning,et al.Influence of shrub canopy morphology and rainfall characteristics on stemflow within a revegetated sand dune in the Tengger Desert,NW China[J].Hydrological Process,2013,27:1501-1509.
[16] 刘章文,陈仁升,宋耀选,等.祁连山典型灌丛降雨截留特征初步研究[J].生态学报,2012,32(4):1337-1346.[LIU Zhangwen,CHEN Rensheng,SONG Yaoxuan,et al.Characteristics of rainfall interception for four typical shrubs in Qilian Mountain[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2012,32(4):1337-1346.]
[17] JIAN Shengqi,ZHAO Chuanyan,FANG Shumin,et al.Effect of different vegetation restoration on soil water storage and water balance in the Chinese Loess Plateau[J].Agricultural and Forest Meteorology,2015,206:85-96.
[18] 常学向,赵爱芬,王金叶.祁连山林区大气降水特征与森林对降水的截留作用[J].高原气象,2002,21(3):274-280.[CHANG Xuexiang,ZHAO Aifen,WANG Jinye,et al.Precipitation characteristic and interception of forest in Qilian Mountain[J].Plateau Meteorology,2002,21(3):274-280.]
[19] 岳祥飞,崔建垣,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地黄柳灌丛降雨截留与再分配特征[J].草业学报,2013,22(6):46-52.[YUE Xiangfei,CUI Jianyuan,ZHANG Tonghui,et al.Characteristics of rainfall interception and redistribution for Salix gordejeviiin Horqi Sandy Land,northeast China[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(6):46-52.]
[20] 吴晓成,张秋良,臧润过,等.额尔齐斯河天然杨树林叶面积指数及比叶面积的研究[J].西北林学院学报,2009,24(4):10-15.[WU Xiaocheng,ZHANG Qiuliang,ZANG Runguo,et al.Leaf area index and specific leaf area of natural poplars in Ertix Basin[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2009,24(4):10-15.]
[21] 赵传燕,沈卫华,彭焕华.祁连山区青海云杉林冠层叶面积指数的反演方法[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(5):860-869.[ZHAO Chuanyan,SHENG Weihua,PENG Huanhua.Method for determining canopy leaf area index of Picea crassifolia forest in Qilian Mountain,China[J].Journal of Plant Ecology,2009,33(5):860-869.]
[22] TARMO Timm,KOLLI Kangur,HENN Timm,et al.Macrozoobenthos of Lake Peipsi-Pihkva:Taxonomical composition,abundance,biomass,and their relations to some ecological parameters[J].Hydrobiologia,1996,338:139-154.
[23] LESER.T D Validation of microbial community structure and ecological functional paramenters in an aquatic microcosm designied for testing genetically engineered microorganisms[J].Microb Ecol,1995,29:183-201.
[24] 梁倍,邸利,赵传燕,等.祁连山天涝池流域典型灌丛地上生物量沿海拔梯度变化规律的研究[J].草地学报,2013,21(4):664-669.[LIANG Bei,DI Li,ZHAO Chuanyan,et al.Altitude distribution of aboveground biomass of typiacal shrubs in the Tianlaochi Watershed of Qilian Mountains[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(4):664-669.]
[25] 李文娟,赵传燕,彭守璋,等.黑河上游天涝池流域灌丛地上生物量空间分布[J].生态学报,2015,35(4):1134-1141.[LI Wenjuan,ZHAO Chuanyan,PENG Shouzhang,et al.The spatial distribution of the aboveground biomass shrub in Tianlaochi catchment in the upper reaches of Heihe River[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(4):1134-1141.]
[26] 雷蕾,刘贤德,王顺利,等.祁连山高山灌丛生物量分配规律及其与环境因子的关系[J].生态环境学报,2011,20(11):1602-1607.[LEI Lei,LIU Xiande,WANG Shunli,et al.Assignment rule of alpine shrubs biomass and its relationships to environmental factors in Qilian Mountains[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,2011,20(11):1602-1607.]
[27] GAYDAROVA Plamena Nikolova.Deciduous forest communities in the Black Sea coastal Strandzha region:Temporal and spatial characteristics of leaf area index and density[J].Trees,2003,17:237-243.
[28] BLUMEL Birgit,REIMER Eberhard.Validation of boundary layer parameters of climate model REMO:Estimation of leaf area index from NOAA-AVHRR data for the Baltimos region[J].Theor Appl Climatol,DOI 10.1007/s 00704-009-0164-3.
[29] 苏宏新,白帆,李广起.3类典型温带山地森林的叶面积指数的季节动态:多种监测方法比较[J].植物生态学报,2012,36(3):231-242.[SU Hongxin,BAI Fan,LI Guangqi.Seasonal dynamics in leaf index in three typical temperate montane forests of China:A comparison of multi-observation methods[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2012,36(3):231-242.]
[30] 柳艺博,居为民,陈镜明,等.2000-2010年中国森林叶面积指数时空变化特征[J].科学通报,2012,57(16):1435-1445.[LIU Yibo,JU Weimin,CHEN Jingming,et al.Spatial and temporal variations of forest LAI in China during 2000-2010[J].Chinese Scinece Bull,2012,57(16):1435-1445.]
[31] VAN L M,NIEUWENHUIS M.Retrieval of forest structural parameters using LiDAR remote sensing[J].European Journal of Forest Research.2010,129(4):749-770.
[32] 骆社周,王成,张贵宾,等.机载激光雷达森林叶面积指数反演研究[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(5):1467-1475.[LUO Shezhou,WANG Cheng,ZHANG Guibin,et al.Forest leaf area index(LAI) inversion using airborne LiDAR data[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(5):1467-1475.]
[33] 李文娟,赵传燕,别强,等.基于机载激光雷达数据的森林结构参数反演[J].遥感技术与应用,2015,30(5):917-924.[LI Wenjuan,ZHAO Chuanyan,BIE Qiang,et al.Retrieval of the forest structural parameters using airborne LiDAR data[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2015,30(5):917-924.]
[34] 靳华安,刘殿伟,王宗明,等.三江平原湿地植被叶面积指数遥感估算模型[J].生态学杂志,2008,27(5):803-805.[JIN Huaan,LIU Dianwei,WANG Zongming,et al.Remote sensing estimation models of wetland vegetation LAI in Sanjiang Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2008,27(5):803-805.]
[35] 周梦维,柳钦火,刘强,等.机载激光雷达的作物叶面积指数定量反演[J].农业工程学报,2011,27(4):207-213.[ZHOU Mengwei,LIU Qinhuo,LIU Qiang,et al.Inversion of leaf area index based on small-footprint waveform airborne LiDAR[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2011,27(4):207-213.]