黄土丘陵区露天煤矿复垦生态系统先锋树种水分利用效率

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.801

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 植物的水分利用效率（WUE）反映了其固碳能力与水分消耗的平衡关系，揭示了植物对环境的适应策略。以我国黄土丘陵区典型露天煤矿——山西省平朔露天煤矿区复垦生态系统不同复垦年限（5 a、15 a、20 a、28 a）的3种先锋树种（油松、榆树、刺槐）为研究对象，在对树种叶片的碳（C）、氮（N）含量及C/N进行测定的基础上，利用稳定同位素技术分析树种WUE随复垦年限的演变规律，并分析叶片C/N与植物WUE之间的相关关系。结果表明：（1）刺槐和榆树叶片C、N含量随复垦年限增加，而油松叶片C、N含量高值则分别出现在复垦15 a和20 a。油松叶片的C含量、C/N均显著高于榆树，N含量低于其他两树种（P<0.05）。刺槐叶片的N含量显著高于其他两树种（P<0.05）。（2）同一树种在不同生长年期WUE随复垦年限表现的规律为：油松复垦5 a最大，复垦28 a最小；榆树复垦28 a最大，复垦5 a最小；刺槐复垦15 a最大，而复垦5 a最小（P<0.05）。树种间WUE的差异表现为，油松高于榆树和刺槐。（3） 3种树种的WUE与叶片C含量及C/N之间呈显著正相关关系，而与叶片N含量的相关性不显著。研究结果揭示了平朔矿区植被重建工作中先锋树种WUE特征，可为黄土丘陵区露天煤矿植被恢复工作提供理论依据。

关键词: 平朔露天煤矿, 水分利用效率, 稳定同位素技术, 养分含量

Abstract:

Plant water-use efficiency (WUE), which measures the balance between carbon assimilation and water transpiration, serves as a vital indicator of how plants adapt to environmental constraints. This study investigated the dynamics of leaf WUE in pioneer tree species within a reclaimed ecosystem at the Pingshuo open-pit coal mine of Shanxi Province, a representative site in the loess hilly region of China. We focused on three dominant pioneer species: Pinus tabuliformis, Ulmus pumila, and Robinia pseudoacacia, across a chronosequence of reclamation ages (5, 15, 20, and 28 years). The study involved determining leaf carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations, C/N ratios, and long-term WUE as inferred from stable carbon isotope composition (δ¹³C). We also analyzed the relationship between leaf C/N stoichiometry and WUE. The results revealed the following. (1) Leaf C and N concentrations in R. pseudoacacia and U. pumila generally increased with reclamation age, whereas P. tabuliformis peaked in C and N levels at 15 and 20 years, respectively. P. tabuliformis had a significantly higher leaf C concentration and C/N ratio compared to U. pumila (P<0.05) but a lower N concentration compared to the other two tree species (P<0.05). R. pseudoacacia maintained the highest leaf N concentration among the species (P<0.05). (2) Intra-specific WUE varied significantly (P<0.05) with reclamation age: P. tabuliformis had the highest WUE at five years and the lowest at 28 years; U. pumila peaked at 28 years and was at its minimum at five years; R. pseudoacacia reached its maximum WUE at 15 years and minimum at five years. Inter-specifically, P. tabuliformis consistently exhibited higher WUE than both U. pumila and R. pseudoacacia. (3) Across all three species, leaf WUE showed significant positive correlations with leaf C concentration and C/N ratio, whereas its correlation with leaf N concentration was insignificant. These findings elucidate the species-specific WUE characteristics and adaptive physiological adjustments of pioneer trees during vegetation succession in the Pingshuo reclaimed mine area, offering a theoretical foundation for vegetation restoration efforts in open-pit coal mines within the loess hilly region.

Key words: Pingshuo open-pit coalmine, water use efficiency, stable isotope technology, nutrient content

王霜, 原野, 袁媛, 李倩, 赵嘉瑜, 杨蓉欣, 杨雨青. 黄土丘陵区露天煤矿复垦生态系统先锋树种水分利用效率[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(7): 1176-1184.

WANG Shuang, YUAN Ye, YUAN Yuan, LI Qian, ZHAO Jiayu, YANG Rongxin, YANG Yuqing. Water use efficiency of pioneer tree species in reclamation ecosystem of open-pit coal mine in loess hilly region[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(7): 1176-1184.

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林型	复垦年限	δ¹³C/‰	WUE/μmol∙mol^-1
油松	5 a	-25.99±0.42a	107.78±4.5a
	15 a	-26.76±1.09ab	99.55±11.73ab
	20 a	-27.03±0.10ab	96.64±1.04ab
	28 a	-27.79±0.85b	88.49±9.07b
	均值	-26.89±0.90A	98.12±9.67A
榆树	5 a	-29.52±1.33b	69.96±14.32b
	15 a	-29.09±1.24ab	74.59±13.36ab
	20 a	-27.74±0.63ab	89.01±6.78ab
	28 a	-26.89±1.05a	98.16±11.24a
	均值	-28.31±1.4B	82.93±15.23B
刺槐	5 a	-28.72±0.13a	71.94±1.88b
	15 a	-28.56±0.48a	80.26±5.14a
	20 a	-28.87±0.33ab	78.55±1.34a
	28 a	-29.33±0.23b	76.90±3.6ab
	均值	-28.87±0.31B	76.91±2.01C