阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射收支特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.358

干旱区地理 ›› 2024, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (6): 942-952.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2023.358

阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射收支特征

吴彩云¹^,²(), 何清²^,³(), 谢翔⁴

1.新疆大学地理与遥感科学学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046
2.中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，新疆塔克拉玛干沙漠气象国家野外科学观测研究站/中国气象局塔克拉玛干沙漠气象野外科学试验基地/新疆维吾尔自治区沙漠气象与沙尘暴重点实验室/中国气象局阿克达拉大气本底野外科学试验基地，新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
3.中国气象局乌兰乌苏生态与农业气象试验站，乌兰乌苏生态与农业气象新疆野外科学观测研究站，新疆石河子 832003
4.阿克达拉区域大气本底站，新疆阿勒泰 836500

收稿日期:2023-07-12 修回日期:2023-09-03 出版日期:2024-06-25 发布日期:2024-07-09
通讯作者: 何清（1965-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事沙漠气象研究. E-mail: qinghe@idm.cn
作者简介:吴彩云（1997-），女，硕士研究生，主要从事地表辐射等方面的研究. E-mail: w3411338@163.com
基金资助:
天山北坡兵地重点城市重污染天气成因、影响机理分析、监测预警及综合治理关键技术研究与应用示范(2023AB036)

Characteristics of the surface radiation budget of the Akedala atmospheric background station

WU Caiyun¹^,²(), HE Qing²^,³(), XIE Xiang⁴

1. College of Geography and Remote Sensing Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China
2. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Taklimakan National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Desert Meteorology/Taklimakan Desert Meteorology Field Experiment Station, China Meteorological Administration/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Desert Meteorology and Sandstorm/Akedala Atmospheric Background Field Scientific Experimental base of China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
3. Wulanwusu Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Experimental Station of China Meteorological Administration, Xinjiang Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Wulanwusu Ecological and Agricultural Meteorology, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang, China
4. Akedala atmospheric background station, Altay 836500, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-07-12 Revised:2023-09-03 Published:2024-06-25 Online:2024-07-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表辐射收支变化影响区域乃至全球气候，利用阿克达拉大气本底站基准辐射观测系统的2021年11月1日至2022年10月31日地表辐射四分量数据，分析阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射与反照率的变化特征。结果表明：（1）太阳总辐射年曝辐量为5772.74 MJ·m^-2。太阳总辐射曝辐量的季节变化表现为夏季>春季>秋季>冬季，不同月份太阳总辐射和反射短波辐射日峰值集中在11:00—12:00，地面长波辐射日峰值集中在12:00—13:00，大气逆辐射日峰值出现时间没有明显规律。（2）净收入辐射最大值主要出现在正午，净支出辐射最大值出现时间主要在日落时。（3）降雨对太阳总辐射、反射短波辐射、地面长波辐射、地表反照率具有削弱作用，降雪过程太阳总辐射受到削弱，降雪后地面积雪导致地表反照率增大，地面反射短波辐射增强，日间地面长波辐射和地面净辐射减弱，由于雪对地面的保温作用，夜间地面长波辐射较降雪前增强；降雨与降雪均对大气逆辐射具有增强作用。（4）雨天地表反照率最小值为0.16；当积雪深度达到5 cm时，地表反照率可达0.96，新雪地表反照率大于老雪，且稳定积雪的地表反照率日均值在0.72~0.88。

关键词: 阿克达拉大气本底站, 地表辐射收支, 地表反照率, 积雪反照率

Abstract:

Changes in surface radiation budgets significantly affect regional and global climates, particularly in arid and semi-arid areas. The underlying surface of the Gobi wetland and desert steppe vegetation in the area surrounding the Akedala atmospheric background station is representative of northern Xinjiang and the hinterland of Asia and Europe. Meanwhile, its atmospheric background is clean and experiences long winter snow, making its surface radiation special. However, research on the radiation budget of the Gobi in northern Xinjiang is limited. Therefore, it is necessary to study the characteristics of its radiation budget. The four components of surface radiation from November 1, 2021-October 31, 2022 of the Akedala atmospheric background station reference radiation observation system were used to analyze the changes in surface radiation and albedo in different time scales and precipitation processes of Akedala atmospheric background station. The results indicated an annual exposure of total solar radiation of 5772.74 MJ·m^-2. The seasonal variation of total solar radiation exposure is manifested as the largest in summer, followed by spring, and the smallest in winter. The daily peak of total solar radiation and reflected short-wave radiation in different months is concentrated between 11:00 and 12:00, while the daily peak of ground long-wave radiation is concentrated between 12:00 and 13:00. In addition, the daily peak occurrence time of atmospheric counter radiation is not obvious. The maximum net income radiation occurs mainly at noon, while the net expenditure radiation peaks mainly at sunset. Total solar radiation, reflected short-wave radiation, ground radiation, and surface albedo are weakened during rainfall, while total solar radiation is weakened during snowfall. Ground snow leads to increased surface albedo, while reflected short-wave radiation is enhanced, thereby weakening daytime ground radiation and ground net radiation. Simultaneously, influenced by the thermal insulation effect of snow, ground radiation is enhanced compared to before snowfall at night. Both rainfall and snowfall have an enhanced effect on atmospheric counter radiation. The minimum surface albedo on rainy days is 0.16, while a snow depth of 5 cm can increase surface albedo to 0.96. New snow has a higher surface albedo than old snow, and stable snow has a daily average surface albedo of 0.72-0.88. The changes in the surface radiation budget, surface albedo, and snow albedo in the Gobi wetland are revealed to a certain extent, providing a reference for understanding the evolution of the underlying land surface process of the Gobi wetter in northwest China and offering a theoretical and scientific basis for further exploration of the physical process of land-atmosphere interaction and climate change in arid and semiarid areas of China.

Key words: Akedala atmospheric background station, surface radiation budget, surface albedo, snow albedo

吴彩云, 何清, 谢翔. 阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射收支特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(6): 942-952.

WU Caiyun, HE Qing, XIE Xiang. Characteristics of the surface radiation budget of the Akedala atmospheric background station[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(6): 942-952.

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仪器型号	观测项目	测量范围	测量精度	采样频率
SMP22	太阳总辐射	210~2800 nm	<0.2%	采样频率1 Hz，间隔1 min进行采样，校正到1 s的绝对精度
SMP22	反射短波辐射	210~2800 nm	<0.2%
SGR4	大气逆辐射	4400~50000 nm	<1%
SGR4	地面长波辐射	4400~50000 nm	<1%
SL3-1	降雨量	-	±4%mm
DSS1	雪深	0~200 cm

月份	辐射分量
月份	太阳总辐射/MJ·m^-2	反射短波辐射/MJ·m^-2	大气逆辐射/MJ·m^-2	地面长波辐射/MJ·m^-2	净辐射/MJ·m^-2
1	203.99	153.68	560.20	651.42	-40.91
2	317.71	243.02	480.00	585.71	-30.01
3	387.22	146.71	706.04	842.69	103.87
4	627.01	180.92	714.01	979.89	180.21
5	749.72	211.14	897.27	1187.91	247.93
6	797.69	217.55	904.83	1199.31	285.67
7	772.93	213.82	943.92	1240.40	262.63
8	678.39	190.03	911.32	1188.15	211.52
9	502.55	143.47	816.82	1049.82	126.08
10	361.31	104.50	723.71	919.55	60.97
11	206.68	109.27	588.16	715.81	-30.23
12	167.54	126.75	570.66	659.43	-47.98

季节	辐射分量
季节	太阳总辐射/MJ·m^-2	反射短波辐射/MJ·m^-2	大气逆辐射/MJ·m^-2	地面长波辐射/MJ·m^-2	净辐射/ MJ·m^-2
春季	19.17±6.80	5.86±2.13	25.19±3.57	32.72±4.90	5.78±2.76
夏季	24.45±5.50	6.75±1.56	30.00±2.13	39.43±2.24	8.26±2.25
秋季	11.76±5.65	3.93±1.66	23.39±4.10	29.51±5.00	1.72±2.46
冬季	8.84±3.19	6.72±2.47	17.63±2.28	20.97±1.52	-1.32±0.74

降水过程	日期（年-月-日）	晴空指数	天气状况	降水过程	日期（年-月-日）	晴空指数	天气状况
降雨过程	2022-05-29	0.69	少云	降雪过程	2021-11-14	0.64	少云
	2022-05-30	0.60	少云		2021-11-15	0.10	雪
	2022-05-31	0.60	雨		2021-11-16	0.46	多云
	2022-06-01	0.21	雨		2021-11-17	0.69	少云
	2022-06-02	0.32	雨		2021-11-18	0.44	雪
	2022-06-03	0.76	晴		2021-11-19	0.31	雪
					2021-11-20	0.79	晴

阿克达拉大气本底站地表辐射收支特征

Characteristics of the surface radiation budget of the Akedala atmospheric background station

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