干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力就业结构转型格局及其经济效应——以甘州区为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.446

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (8): 1737-1749.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.446 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025446

干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力就业结构转型格局及其经济效应——以甘州区为例

黄晶¹(), 薛东前²(), 韩晨¹, 徐佳秀¹

¹ 渭南师范学院环境与生命科学学院，陕西渭南 714099
² 陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，陕西西安 710119

收稿日期:2025-08-05 修回日期:2025-09-12 出版日期:2026-08-25 发布日期:2026-08-21
通讯作者: 薛东前（1965-），男，博士，教授，主要从事区域可持续发展等方面的研究. E-mail: xuedq@snnu.edu.cn
作者简介:黄晶（1989-），女，博士，讲师，主要从事干旱区绿洲乡村适应性转型等方面的研究. E-mail: huangjing1@wnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(24YJCZH104);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划青年项目C类(2025JC-YBQN-387);渭南师范学院青年拔尖人才项目(2025XJ-QNRC-01);渭南师范学院人才科研计划项目(2024RC02)

Transformation pattern of rural labor employment structure in oasis areas of arid regions and its economic effects: A case study of Ganzhou District

HUANG Jing¹(), XUE Dongqian²(), HAN Chen¹, XU Jiaxiu¹

¹ School of Environment and Life Sciences, Weinan Normal University, Weinan 714099, Shaanxi, China
² School of Geographical Sciences and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

Received:2025-08-05 Revised:2025-09-12 Published:2026-08-25 Online:2026-08-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力就业结构转型有利于农业农村可持续发展。以黑河中游典型绿洲甘州区为例，运用结构转型指数和二次指派程序（QAP）回归分析方法，研究2011—2020年干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力就业结构转型格局及其经济效应，并探讨就业结构转型机制与调控路径。结果表明：（1）乡村劳动力就业结构呈现稳定的“132”格局，整体转型程度不高，以行业内部精细化调整为主，且本地就业趋势强化。（2）乡镇劳动力形成非农产业上升型与三产结构均衡型典型转型模式，空间上绿洲核心区转型相对迟缓、边缘区就业结构多元、荒漠-绿洲过渡带行业门类转换剧烈。（3）非农产业对劳动力的经济拉动作用日益增强，就业结构转型对收入的影响呈现阶段特征：初期以林业和服务业转型为主要动力，后期建筑业转型作用凸显，长期则依赖农业内部结构调整的持续正效应，其中本地就业结构优化是促进收入提升的关键。（4）乡村就业结构转型是由水资源刚性约束触发，经生态反馈强化，通过生计适应性调整，最终体现为经济响应与空间分异的复合过程，基于此提出“核心区推动三产融合、边缘区重点发展非农产业、过渡带培育外出务工与返乡创业良性循环机制”的分区调控路径。研究结果为干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力资源合理配置与就业结构优化提供理论依据和实践参考。

关键词: 绿洲乡村, 劳动力就业, 结构转型, 经济效应, QAP回归分析

Abstract:

The transformation of rural labor employment structure contributes to the sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas in arid oasis regions. Taking Ganzhou District, a typical oasis in the middle reaches of the Heihe River, as a case study, this study applies the structural transformation index and quadratic assignment procedure regression analysis to examine the pattern of rural labor employment structure transformation in arid oasis areas and its economic effects from 2011 to 2020, while exploring the mechanism and regulatory paths of such transformation. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The rural labor employment structure has a stable “132” pattern with a generally low transformation degree. Its transformation is dominated by refined adjustments within industries, accompanied by a strengthened trend of local employment. (2) Township labor forces have developed two typical transformation models—the nonagricultural industry upgrading model and the balanced tertiary industry structure model. Spatially, the transformation progresses slowly in the oasis core area; the employment structure is diversified in the marginal area; and the industrial category conversion is drastic in the desert-oasis transition zone. (3) Nonagricultural industries exert an increasingly strong economic effect on the labor force, and the impact of employment structure transformation on income exhibits phased characteristics, where the forestry and service industry transformation serves as the main driver in the early stage; the role of construction industry transformation becomes prominent in the later stage; and in the long run, it relies on the sustained positive effect of internal structural adjustments in agriculture. Among these factors, the optimization of local employment structure is the key to boosting income growth. (4) The transformation of rural employment structures in arid oasis areas is a complex process. It is triggered by the rigid constraint of water resources, reinforced by ecological feedback, realized through livelihood adaptation adjustments, and ultimately manifested in economic responses and spatial differentiation. Based on this, a zonal regulatory path is proposed as follows: “promote the integration of primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in the core area, focus on the development of nonagricultural industries in the marginal area, and foster a virtuous cycle mechanism of migrant work and return-home entrepreneurship in the transition zone”. The findings can provide a theoretical basis and practical reference for the rational allocation of rural labor resources and the optimization of employment structure in arid oasis areas.

Key words: oasis rural areas, labor force employment, structural transformation, economic effects, quadratic assignment procedure

黄晶, 薛东前, 韩晨, 徐佳秀. 干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力就业结构转型格局及其经济效应——以甘州区为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(8): 1737-1749.

HUANG Jing, XUE Dongqian, HAN Chen, XU Jiaxiu. Transformation pattern of rural labor employment structure in oasis areas of arid regions and its economic effects: A case study of Ganzhou District[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(8): 1737-1749.

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产业大类	精细门类
第一产业	种植业、林业、牧业、渔业
第二产业	工业、建筑业
第三产业	交通运输仓储业和邮政业，信息传输、计算机服务和软件业，批发与零售业，住宿和餐饮业，科学研究事业和综合技术服务，教育、文化艺术和广播电视事业，卫生、体育和社会福利事业，乡镇经济组织（乡务）管理，金融保险事业，其他服务业

行业类型	2011年	2012年	2013年	2014年	2015年	2016年	2017年	2018年	2019年	2020年
第一产业	54.26	52.49	52.71	52.75	53.28	52.66	54.22	58.24	57.31	56.22
种植业	46.08	44.54	43.89	43.57	44.11	43.61	44.93	48.58	47.85	46.50
林业	1.07	0.93	1.03	0.90	1.02	0.79	0.71	1.40	1.70	1.61
牧业	7.06	7.00	7.74	8.26	8.12	8.23	8.56	8.24	7.74	8.08
渔业	0.05	0.03	0.05	0.02	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.03
第二产业	16.89	17.56	17.48	17.54	17.61	17.97	17.75	16.60	16.07	16.17
工业	5.03	4.76	4.45	4.35	4.24	4.28	4.24	3.74	3.42	3.51
建筑业	11.86	12.80	13.03	13.19	13.37	13.69	13.50	12.86	12.66	12.65
第三产业	28.85	29.95	29.81	29.71	29.11	29.36	28.03	25.16	26.62	27.61
交通运输仓储业和邮政业	5.73	5.79	4.66	4.56	4.53	4.55	4.41	3.62	3.28	3.32
信息传输、计算机服务和软件业	0.58	0.52	0.52	0.51	0.49	0.49	0.52	0.50	0.54	0.55
批发与零售业	4.34	4.24	4.03	3.99	4.01	4.12	4.06	3.62	3.84	3.90
住宿和餐饮业	2.03	2.38	2.69	2.71	2.64	2.71	2.67	2.13	2.29	2.20
科学研究事业和综合技术服务	0.02	0.02	0.03	0.03	0.04	0.03	0.03	0.02	0.05	0.06
教育、文化艺术和广播电视事业	0.21	0.22	0.24	0.24	0.26	0.25	0.25	0.12	0.18	0.19
卫生、体育和社会福利事业	0.16	0.16	0.22	0.21	0.23	0.23	0.25	0.20	0.25	0.26
乡镇经济组织(乡务)管理	0.06	0.06	0.11	0.56	0.67	0.48	0.58	0.55	0.43	0.26
金融保险事业	0.32	0.26	0.35	0.31	0.49	0.33	0.50	0.43	0.70	0.52
其他服务业	15.40	16.31	16.96	16.58	15.76	16.19	14.75	13.97	15.05	16.35
甘州区在外就业人员	12.35	11.95	12.73	11.92	11.09	10.94	10.07	8.99	10.37	10.38

年份	三次产业间	精细门类间	本地-外出间
2011—2015	1.02	3.34	0.91
2015—2020	2.95	2.63	0.51
2011—2020	3.97	5.97	1.42

就业行业	人均收入/元·人^-1
就业行业	2011年	2015年	2020年	平均值
种植业	18665	32080	36531	29092
林业	50317	66670	46027	54338
牧业	81429	101283	133906	105539
渔业	66158	113800	92250	90736
工业	59827	93923	126619	93456
建筑业	24982	31403	53395	36593
服务业	25090	46847	64945	45627

变量	标准化回归系数
变量	2011— 2015年	2015— 2020年	2011— 2020年
种植业转型差异矩阵	-0.2233^**	0.0006	0.2249^**
林业转型差异矩阵	0.4094^***	0.0228	0.3143^**
牧业转型差异矩阵	-0.1224	0.0371	0.2449^***
渔业转型差异矩阵	-0.0794	0.1542	-0.0658
工业转型差异矩阵	0.0004	0.1205	0.0915
建筑业转型差异矩阵	-0.0358	0.2383^*	-0.1142^*
服务业转型差异矩阵	0.3196^**	-0.0801	-0.0293
外出转型差异矩阵	-0.1051	-0.0231	0.0013
R²	0.3310	0.3200	0.3520
P值	0.0000	0.0000	0.0000

干旱区绿洲乡村劳动力就业结构转型格局及其经济效应——以甘州区为例

Transformation pattern of rural labor employment structure in oasis areas of arid regions and its economic effects: A case study of Ganzhou District

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