土壤盐结皮表面粗糙度的量化及其对蒸发的影响

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.586

干旱区地理 ›› 2026, Vol. 49 ›› Issue (10): 2134-2144.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.586 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2025586

土壤盐结皮表面粗糙度的量化及其对蒸发的影响

郭语博¹^,²^,³(), 李新虎¹^,²^,³(), 王一涵¹^,²^,³, 王弘超¹^,²^,³

¹ 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，干旱区生态安全与可持续发展全国重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
² 中国科学院大学，北京 100049
³ 新疆阿克苏绿洲农田生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站，新疆阿克苏 843017

收稿日期:2025-09-22 修回日期:2025-11-10 出版日期:2026-10-25 发布日期:2026-10-26
通讯作者: 李新虎（1981-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事土壤盐渍化与土壤水盐运动等方面的研究. E-mail: lixinhu@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:郭语博（1998-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤盐渍化等方面的研究. E-mail: guoyubo23@mails.ucas.ac.cn
第一联系人：作者贡献
论文构思：郭语博；数据管理：郭语博；规范分析：郭语博；获取资助：李新虎；调查研究：郭语博；方法设计：郭语博；项目管理：李新虎；提供资源：李新虎；软件编程：郭语博、王一涵；监督指导：李新虎；验证复核：王弘超；可视化：郭语博、王一涵；初稿撰写：郭语博；修订编辑：郭语博、李新虎、王弘超。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42277314);新疆维吾尔自治区杰出青年科学基金项目(2025D01E60)

Quantification of surface roughness of soil salt crusts and its effect on evaporation

GUO Yubo¹^,²^,³(), LI Xinhu¹^,²^,³(), WANG Yihan¹^,²^,³, WANG Hongchao¹^,²^,³

¹ Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, National Key Laboratory of Ecological Safety and Sustainable Development in Arid Lands, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
² University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
³ National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Aksu Oasis Farmland Ecosystem, Aksu 843017, Xinjiang, China

Received:2025-09-22 Revised:2025-11-10 Published:2026-10-25 Online:2026-10-26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

盐结皮表面粗糙度的变化通过改变其表面积进而影响蒸发，精确量化表面粗糙度对提高蒸发模型估算精度具有重要作用。然而，目前对盐结皮表面粗糙度的量化手段有限，且表面粗糙度影响蒸发过程的机制尚不清楚。因此，利用时序图像灰度分析结合小波去噪技术，实现了对盐结皮表面粗糙度变化的连续监测，并构建了表面粗糙度演化的概念曲线。在此基础上对现有蒸发模型进行改进，揭示表面粗糙度与蒸发之间的关系。结果表明：（1）盐分浓度影响盐结皮演化过程中表面粗糙度的波动，随着盐分浓度升高，表面粗糙度波动幅度逐渐减小。（2）不同盐分浓度条件下，盐结皮表面粗糙度随蒸发阶段变化均呈现“上升-下降-小幅波动回升”的变化趋势，其中高浓度溶液加速盐分结晶析出和聚合过程，其表面粗糙度变化幅度较低浓度溶液可降低50%。（3）蒸发速率与盐结皮表面粗糙度呈显著正相关关系（r=0.72，P<0.05）。在菲克定律中引入表面粗糙度参数，对于中高盐分浓度处理试验，改进后的模型估算精度提高。研究结果为深入理解盐结皮影响下的土壤水分传输过程提供了新的理论依据和方法支撑。

关键词: 盐结皮, 表面粗糙度, 时序图像灰度分析, 小波去噪

Abstract:

Changes in the surface roughness of salt crusts affect evaporation by altering the surface area. Accurately quantifying roughness parameters is essential for improving the accuracy of evaporation models. However, existing methods for measuring the surface roughness of salt crusts are limited, and the mechanisms by which roughness influences evaporation remain unclear. Accordingly, this study utilized temporal grayscale image analysis combined with wavelet denoising to continuously monitor changes in the surface roughness of salt crusts and constructed a conceptual curve depicting roughness evolution. Existing evaporation models were then refined to clarify the relationship between roughness and evaporation. The results revealed the following: (1) Salt concentration affects the fluctuation of surface roughness during crust evolution, with the amplitude of fluctuations gradually decreasing as concentration increases. (2) Under varying salinity conditions, the surface roughness of the salt crust exhibited a consistent trend of “increase-decrease-slight fluctuating recovery” across different evaporation stages. High salinity accelerated the precipitation and aggregation of salt crystals, reducing the magnitude of roughness variation by as much as 50% compared to lower concentration solutions. (3) The evaporation rate exhibited a significant positive correlation with the surface roughness (R_a) of the salt crust (r=0.72, P<0.05). By incorporating a roughness parameter into Fick’s law, we improved the model, resulting in higher estimation accuracy for tests involving medium to high salt concentrations. This study offers new theoretical and methodological insights into understanding soil water transport processes influenced by salt crusts.

Key words: salt crust, surface roughness, temporal grayscale image analysis, wavelet denoising

郭语博, 李新虎, 王一涵, 王弘超. 土壤盐结皮表面粗糙度的量化及其对蒸发的影响[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(10): 2134-2144.

GUO Yubo, LI Xinhu, WANG Yihan, WANG Hongchao. Quantification of surface roughness of soil salt crusts and its effect on evaporation[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(10): 2134-2144.

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样本	天数/d	蒸发速率/mm$\bullet $d^-1	R_a	R_q	R_Z	skewness	kurtosis
1wt%	43	8.98	32.85	44.35	250.91	1.16	4.22
	63	5.41	44.84	56.53	261.96	-1.00	3.24
	80	5.29	25.02	31.58	252.82	-0.97	4.10
5wt%	12	8.58	26.75	33.36	267.43	0.51	3.27
	25	6.28	65.07	69.09	256.60	-0.35	1.45
	30	3.42	52.54	62.40	255.94	-0.96	2.36
10wt%	3	7.52	46.26	51.80	244.41	0.41	1.69
	11	2.92	17.77	24.16	203.19	-1.33	6.78
	22	1.14	20.07	25.35	162.04	-0.62	3.34
15wt%	3	7.04	34.08	40.49	235.68	-0.35	2.28
	11	2.63	22.27	27.63	158.41	-0.52	2.95
	17	1.10	24.30	29.18	159.74	-0.55	2.59
20wt%	2	9.38	19.16	23.52	223.07	0.15	2.61
	5	6.72	15.72	19.11	114.33	0.07	2.44
	12	0.60	17.50	21.28	116.08	0.31	2.45
25wt%	4	6.68	15.82	19.90	150.85	-0.04	2.88
	18	23.26	16.06	19.68	125.20	-0.30	2.65
	57	4.87	13.32	16.45	129.52	0.35	2.73

土壤盐结皮表面粗糙度的量化及其对蒸发的影响

Quantification of surface roughness of soil salt crusts and its effect on evaporation

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