中天山巴音布鲁克盆地暖季降水日变化特征

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.128

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

降水日变化作为最基本的气候变化形式，能更准确揭示气候变化对区域水资源的影响。为此，基于2017—2023年巴音布鲁克盆地18个气象观测站点5—9月（暖季）的逐时降水资料，对该区域小时尺度降水规律进行了分析。结果表明：（1）巴音布鲁克盆地暖季降水量、降水频次及降水强度的日变化特征基本一致，但在不同时间尺度上具有差异性。其中年尺度上，降水量、降水强度多在昼间增加，降水频次则在夜间增加；月尺度上，三者多在下午至前半夜时段增多，而一天内，18:00—24:00时段不仅降水易发，且降水量多、强度大，07:00—10:00时段则相反。（2）小时雨强（R₁）以R₁≤2.0 mm量级为主，不仅降水量大，降水频次也多，其次为2.1 mm≤R₁≤4.0 mm量级。（3）过程降水量（R）在午后时段不仅频发，且贡献最大，其中以0.1 mm≤R≤6.0 mm的小雨降水过程为主，但R≥12.1 mm的大到暴雨降水过程贡献最大。（4）在不同持续时间降水中，6 h以上的长历时降水贡献最大，但1~3 h的短历时降水易频发，且多出现在15:00—20:00时段。

关键词: 暖季, 降水日变化, 降水持续性, 巴音布鲁克

Abstract:

Diurnal variation in precipitation is a fundamental aspect of climate change, providing valuable insights into its effects on regional water resources. This study analyzes the diurnal precipitation patterns in the Bayanbuluke Basin, Xinjiang, China during the warm season (May-September) from 2017 to 2023, using hourly precipitation data from 18 meteorological observation stations. The findings indicate that the diurnal variation characteristics of precipitation amount, frequency, and intensity during the warm season exhibit overall consistency, albeit with differences across time scales. On an annual scale, precipitation amount and intensity predominantly increase during the day, whereas frequency rises at night. On a monthly scale, all three metrics show significant increases from the afternoon to the first half of the night. During the 18:00—24:00 period, precipitation is not only more frequent but also exhibits higher amounts and intensity, while the 07:00—10:00 period reflects the opposite trend. In the warm season, low-intensity rainfall (R₁≤2.0 mm) contributes the most to total precipitation, followed by moderate rainfall (2.1 mm≤R₁≤4.0 mm). Regarding precipitation processes (R), light rain (0.1 mm≤R≤6.0 mm) occurs most frequently, yet heavy to torrential rain (R≥12.1 mm) contributes the most to total precipitation. The afternoon period experiences the highest precipitation frequency and contribution. Among different precipitation durations, long-duration events exceeding 6 hours account for the largest contributions, whereas short-duration events (1-3 h) are more frequent, particularly during 15:00—20:00.

Key words: warm season, diurnal variation of precipitation, precipitation duration, Bayanbuluke Basin

刁鹏, 周雪英, 尼米才仁·努加, 刘长墉. 中天山巴音布鲁克盆地暖季降水日变化特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024, 47(12): 2093-2103.

DIAO Peng, ZHOU Xueying, Nimicairen NUJIA, LIU Changyong. Diurnal variation characteristics of warm season precipitation in the Bayanbuluke Basin of the Middle Tianshan Mountains[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2024, 47(12): 2093-2103.

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相关类别	时间尺度
相关类别	年	月	逐时
降水量—降水频次	0.72^*	0.99^**	0.94^**
降水量—降水强度	0.31	0.96^**	0.93^**
降水频次—降水强度	0.43	0.93^*	0.75^**

降水量级/mm	降水贡献率/%	降水频率/%	持续时间占比/%	平均降水量/mm·次^-1	平均持续时间/h·次^-1
0.1≤R≤6.0	36.12	85.64	59.83	1.21	2.51
6.1≤R≤12.0	25.81	8.67	19.41	8.53	8.05
R≥12.1	38.07	5.69	20.77	19.20	13.15

时段	类别	降水量级/mm			总计
时段	类别	0.1≤R≤6.0	6.1≤R≤12.0	R≥12.1	总计
上午	总降水量/mm	142.64	94.46	116.36	353.47
	总降水频次/次	125.44	11.22	6.61	143.28
	总持续时间/h	315.67	90.44	65.11	471.22
下午	总降水量/mm	199.63	140.27	194.43	534.33
	总降水频次/次	151.94	16.39	10.44	178.78
	总持续时间/h	357.78	129.72	124.89	612.39
前半夜	总降水量/mm	161.36	124.02	198.80	484.17
	总降水频次/次	116.06	14.56	9.50	140.11
	总持续时间/h	328.89	115.83	131.28	576.00
后半夜	总降水量/mm	89.19	64.79	115.32	269.30
	总降水频次/次	96.89	7.50	6.00	110.39
	总持续时间/h	230.50	63.56	86.67	380.72