青藏高原东北部残积母质土壤发育过程研究——以青海湖北部宁夏剖面为例

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.492

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (4): 1146-1154.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2021.492

青藏高原东北部残积母质土壤发育过程研究——以青海湖北部宁夏剖面为例

谢丽倩^1,²(),鄂崇毅^1,^2,³(),赵霞^1,^2,³,李萍^1,²,张晶^1,²,孙满平^1,²,先巴吉^1,²

1.青海师范大学青藏高原地表过程与生态保育教育部重点实验室,青海西宁 810001
2.青海师范大学地理科学学院/青海省自然地理与环境过程重点实验室,青海西宁 810008
3.青海省人民政府-北京师范大学高原科学与可持续发展研究院,青海西宁 810008

收稿日期:2021-10-24 修回日期:2021-12-27 出版日期:2022-07-25 发布日期:2022-08-11
通讯作者: 鄂崇毅
作者简介:谢丽倩（1994-）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事全球变化与土壤演变等方面的研究. E-mail: xieliqian2020@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42171011);国家自然科学基金项目(41761042);青海省科技厅自然科学基金项目(2021-ZJ-918);青海省创新平台建设专项(2020-ZJ-Y06)

Pedogenesis process of residual parent material soil in the northeast Tibetan Plateau：Taking profile Ningxia in the north of Qinghai Lake as an example

XIE Liqian^1,²(),E Chongyi^1,^2,³(),ZHAO Xia^1,^2,³,LI Ping^1,²,ZHANG Jing^1,²,SUN Manping^1,², Xianbaji^1,²

1. Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Land Surface Processes and Ecological Conservation (Ministry of Education), Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810001, Qinghai, China
2. Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Physical Geography and Environmental Process, College of Geographical Science, Qinghai Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
3. Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, People’s Government of Qinghai Province and Beijing Normal University, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China

Received:2021-10-24 Revised:2021-12-27 Online:2022-07-25 Published:2022-08-11
Contact: Chongyi E

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

残积母质是青海湖地区重要的成土母质之一,目前对高原残积母质土壤的研究相对匮乏,特别是其形成发育的年代尚不明晰,限制了对高原残积母质土壤演变过程的认识及对区域气候环境演变的理解。为探究青藏高原东北部残积母质土壤的发育过程及其发育模式,以青海湖北部宁夏（NX）剖面作为研究对象,通过光释光（Optically stimulated luminescence,OSL）测年获得残积母质土壤发育年代,采用化学蚀变指数（Chemical index of alteration,CIA）、Rb/Sr和粉黏比等探究土壤发育程度,对比青海湖地区河湖相沉积和黄土的Zr/Nb、K₂O/Al₂O₃和TiO₂/Al₂O₃分析其物源。结果表明：NX土壤剖面在早全新世以来发育,其年代结果集中在10.02~8.67 ka,成土母质发育时间与流域内风沙强烈活动时期基本一致,为干暖气候背景下的产物;通过物源对比分析,NX剖面底部母质为母岩就地风化而成,上部为风尘加积发育,发育模式为混合母质风尘加积型;剖面整体处于弱化学风化阶段,土壤发育程度较弱。

关键词: 残积母质, 元素地球化学, 土壤发育, 青海湖北部

Abstract:

Residual parent materials are important in the Qinghai Lake area. However, research on the soil of plateau residual parent materials and age data are lacking at present, limiting the understanding of the evolution process of soils. Meanwhile, the study of residual parent soils (as important records of climate change) will strengthen the understanding of regional climate environment evolution. In this paper, a residual parent material profile was developed using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), and the soil development degree was studied using the chemical index of alteration, Rb/Sr ratio, total organic carbon, and silt/clay ratio. The fluvial and lacustrine sediments and aeolian loess in the Qinghai Lake area were compared to analyze their sources using the ratios of Zr/Nb, K₂O/Al₂O₃, and TiO₂/Al₂O₃. The results show the following: (1) OSL dating results show that the soil in the profile NX has developed since the early Holocene. The age of the parent material at the bottom is 10.02±0.79 ka, whereas the upper soil is concentrated at 9.71-8.67 ka. The development time of the soil parent material is basically consistent with the wind sand activity period in the Qinghai Lake Basin. The parent material of the profile NX is the product of dry and cold climates. (2) Through a comparative analysis of provenance, the parent material at the bottom of the profile NX is formed by the in situ weathering of parent rock, whereas the upper part is developed by aeolian dust aggradation. The pedogenesis pattern is a mixed type of residual parent material and aeolian dust deposition. (3) The whole profile is in a weak chemical stage and a weak soil development degree, coinciding with the low chemical weathering degree and weak soil development under the background of cold and dry climates in the northeastern part of Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

Key words: residual parent material, elemental geochemistry, pedogenesis process, the north of Qinghai Lake

谢丽倩,鄂崇毅,赵霞,李萍,张晶,孙满平,先巴吉. 青藏高原东北部残积母质土壤发育过程研究——以青海湖北部宁夏剖面为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(4): 1146-1154.

XIE Liqian,E Chongyi,ZHAO Xia,LI Ping,ZHANG Jing,SUN Manping, Xianbaji. Pedogenesis process of residual parent material soil in the northeast Tibetan Plateau：Taking profile Ningxia in the north of Qinghai Lake as an example[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(4): 1146-1154.

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样品	深度 /cm	钍（Th）/μg·g^-1	铀（U）/μg·g^-1	钾（K）/%	环境剂量率 /Gy·ka^-1	测片 /个	等效剂量 /Gy	年代 /ka
NX1	10	12.54±0.7	2.14±0.3	2.17±0.04	3.24±0.14	18	0.27±0.02	0.41±0.04
NX2	20	14.39±0.7	3.09±0.4	2.14±0.04	4.00±0.18	17	35.25±1.89	8.67±0.62
NX3	26	13.63±0.8	2.62±0.4	2.12±0.04	3.88±0.18	18	37.66±1.82	9.71±0.68
NX4	36	12.29±0.7	1.67±0.3	3.14±0.04	4.50±0.20	17	45.39±1.31	10.02±0.79

样品编号	深度/cm	机械组成/%			粉黏比
样品编号	深度/cm	砂（>63 μm）	粉砂（4~63 μm）	黏粒（<4 μm）	粉黏比
NX1-1	0~5	23.58	56.51	19.91	2.84
NX1-2	5~10	29.86	55.12	15.02	3.67
NX1-3	10~15	18.88	65.63	15.49	4.24
NX1-4	15~20	21.66	64.13	14.21	4.51
NX1-5	20~25	21.04	67.77	11.19	6.06
NX1-6	25~30	52.96	40.80	6.24	6.54
NX1-7	30~35	79.75	18.28	1.97	9.28
NX1-8	35~40	90.31	8.82	0.87	10.14

参数	NX1-1	NX1-2	NX1-3	NX1-4	NX1-5	NX1-6	NX1-7	NX1-8	NX5
SiO₂/%	61.76	64.83	68.92	68.36	70.34	70.65	70.89	75.64	76.29
Al₂O₃/%	12.44	12.68	12.67	13.29	13.09	13.10	13.13	12.15	11.75
Fe₂O₃/%	2.15	2.13	1.86	2.37	1.81	1.89	1.46	1.06	0.49
MgO/%	1.74	1.75	1.72	1.99	1.71	1.71	1.58	0.63	0.22
CaO/%	0.95	1.08	1.04	1.06	1.00	1.08	0.91	0.87	1.00
Na₂O/%	1.79	1.90	2.04	2.06	2.12	2.09	2.10	2.40	2.63
K₂O/%	2.75	2.78	2.83	2.78	3.07	3.14	3.47	4.28	5.91
MnO/%	0.04	0.04	0.04	0.05	0.04	0.04	0.03	0.01	0.01
P₂O₅/%	0.14	0.12	0.08	0.10	0.06	0.08	0.05	0.03	0.02
TiO₂/%	0.66	0.65	0.60	0.69	0.63	0.58	0.52	0.27	0.10
Rb/μg·g^-1	113.22	124.99	118.83	111.12	120.17	128.19	135.28	178.37	272.23
Sr/μg·g^-1	207.46	240.19	288.55	330.94	340.87	352.28	349.22	259.13	64.49
Zr/μg·g^-1	157.38	175.55	148.51	153.09	139.91	137.58	146.07	96.81	37.48
Nb/μg·g^-1	12.07	12.91	11.26	11.93	11.11	11.74	10.34	6.66	5.39
CIA	61.88	61.01	60.36	61.48	60.24	59.80	59.67	54.42	48.34
Rb/Sr	0.55	0.52	0.41	0.34	0.35	0.36	0.39	0.69	4.22
K₂O/Al₂O₃	0.25	0.24	0.24	0.23	0.25	0.26	0.28	0.38	0.54
TiO₂/Al₂O₃	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.06	0.05	0.05	0.03	0.01
Zr/Nb	13.40	13.25	16.06	15.06	14.56	14.54	12.94	18.30	6.95
TOC/%	2.14	1.57	0.85	0.31	0.13	0.11	0.10	0.06	-

青藏高原东北部残积母质土壤发育过程研究——以青海湖北部宁夏剖面为例

Pedogenesis process of residual parent material soil in the northeast Tibetan Plateau：Taking profile Ningxia in the north of Qinghai Lake as an example

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