基于遥感和GIS的流域自然生态环境质量监测与评价——以无定河流域为例

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 遥感与GIS技术的发展，为大区域自然生态环境质量的监测与评价提供了低成本、高效率的先进技术手段。基于2000、2004、2008、2012年和2016年共5期MODIS数据，结合地形数据，提取植被覆盖度、土壤指数、坡度等关键生态因子，并基于归一化的生态因子，建立生态环境评价模型，对无定河流域的自然生态环境质量的时空动态变化进行分析和评价。研究结果表明：无定河流域近16 a来自然生态环境质量总体上呈改善趋势，其西北区域受荒漠化影响较为严重，生态质量相对较差。研究结果为正确地认识和评价流域内的生态环境质量，把握不同时期生态环境质量的差异，为生态环境质量的治理、改善提供重要参考。

关键词: 生态环境质量, 流域保护, 生态因子

Abstract: In order to monitor and evaluate the ecological environment quality (EEQ),this study established an EEQ assessment model based on the ecological factors including vegetation coverage index,bare-soil index and slope that were derived from MODIS data and DEM data.Taking Wuding River Basin (WRB) as the study area,which is located in the arid and semi-arid region with a fragile ecological environment,this model was then employed to monitor and evaluate the EEQ of WRB from 2000 to 2016 on both spatial and temporal dimensions.The results of the study demonstrated that overall the EEQ of this basin in recent 16 years has been showing an improving trend with the proportion of high EEQ areas accounting for 7.56% in 2016.However,there are yet some regions,including Shenmu County,Jia County,Hengshan County and Dingbian County of Yunlin City,where serious environmental pollution existed due to a rapid local economic development.There was a decreasing trend of EEQ from southeast to northwest in the basin,which is generally consistent with the basin's natural geographic characteristics.In the southeast of the basin,the water and heat conditions are relatively good,which is beneficial to growth of plants and thus causes high quality of ecological environment.The distribution of yellow soil and grassland shrubs that are easily eroded makes the EEQ in the southwest of the basin moderate to good.Besides,it was also found that the improvement of EEQ has a close relationship with the soil and water conservation projects in the basin.The main constraint of EEQ improvement is its fragile ecological environment and limited level of economic development.The method proposed in this study can monitor quickly and timely the EEQ variation in areas of large scale and thus serve the purpose of providing support for ecological environment protection and improvement.

Key words: ecological environment quality, watershed protection, ecological factor

中图分类号:

TP79

王思梦, 黄昌. 基于遥感和GIS的流域自然生态环境质量监测与评价——以无定河流域为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 134-141.

WANG Si-meng, HUANG Chang. Ecological environment quality monitoring and evaluation based on remote sensing and GIS techniques:a case of Wuding River Basin[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(1): 134-141.

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