基于改进生态足迹模型与生态重要性识别的最小生态用地优化——黑河中游案例研究

干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (3): 513-520.

基于改进生态足迹模型与生态重要性识别的最小生态用地优化——黑河中游案例研究

周朕, 蒙吉军

北京大学城市与环境学院, 地表过程分析与模拟教育部重点实验室, 北京 100871

收稿日期:2016-01-07 修回日期:2016-03-05 出版日期:2016-05-25
通讯作者: 蒙吉军,男,博士,副教授.Email:jijunm@pku.edu.cn
作者简介:周朕(1991-),男,山东淄博人,硕士研究生,主要从事生态系统管理、土地变化科学研究.Email:zhouzhen2014@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41371097)资助

Optimization of minimum ecological land based on modified ecological footprint model and ecological importance assessment: a case of middle reaches of Heihe River

ZHOU Zhen, MENG Ji-jun

College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Beijing 100871, China

Received:2016-01-07 Revised:2016-03-05 Online:2016-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生态用地是生态系统服务的主要供给源,最小生态用地是保障区域生态安全的底线。从生态安全的基本内涵出发,选择西北内陆河黑河中游为研究区,基于生态系统服务的生态足迹模型确定维持社会经济系统正常运行的最小生态用地数量,在此基础上综合生态重要性与土地生态适宜性识别进行生态用地优化。研究表明:(1)黑河中游生态系统服务供需失衡,2014年人均生态足迹为5.5675,而人均生态容量为4.8392,人均生态赤字0.7283,维持研究区生态系统服务供需平衡需要3010 km²的林地或9086 km²的草地或1431 km²的水域。(2)研究区最重要的生态区域主要分布在南部祁连山自然保护区与黑河湿地自然保护区,总面积2767 km²,土地覆被以林地与草地为主;次重要生态区域主要分布在甘州区中部、临泽县东南部,总面积964 km²,土地覆被以耕地为主;重要生态区域主要分布在甘州区、临泽县中部与山丹马场的北部,总面积3058 km²,土地覆被以耕地与未利用地为主。(3)基于最小生态用地确定、生态重要性与土地生态适宜性识别结果,研究区生态用地优化需要退耕还林369 km²、退耕还草191 km²、生态林建设141 km²及相应的空间格局优化。研究结果对黑河中游生态建设和生态系统管理具有重要指导意义。

关键词: 最小生态用地优化, 改进生态足迹模型, 生态重要性, 土地生态适宜性, 黑河中游

Abstract: Ecological land provides the biggest part of ecological services;minimum ecological land is the basic line of regional ecological security. Based on the concept of ecological security, the paper took the middle reaches of the Heihe River, northwest China, as an example, calculated the minimum ecological land, which can keep social-economic system running safely, based on modified ecological footprint model, and propound an ecological land optimization scheme combined with ecological importance assessment and ecological suitability assessment. The results are as follows:(1) The supply and demand of ecosystem services are out-of-balance. In 2014, the footprint in the Heihe River is 5.5675 per capita, while the ecological supply is 4.8392 per capita, the ecological deficit is 0.7283 per capita. 3010 km² forest or 9086 km² grassland or 431 km² water area are needed to keep the balance of supply and demand of ecosystem services.(2) The most important ecological region in the study area are mainly distributed at the south of the Qilian Mountain Nature Reserve area and the Heihe Wetland Nature Reserve area, with a total area of 2767 km², the main land cover is forest and grass land. The second important ecological region are mainly distributed at the center of Ganzhou, northeast of Linze, with a total area of 964 km², the main land cover is cultivated land. The important ecological region are mainly distributed at Ganzhou, center of Linze and the north of Shandan horse ranch, with a total area of 3058 km², the main land cover is cultivated land and unused land.(3) Based on the result of the recognition of minimum ecological land, ecological importance and ecological suitability assessment, the optimization of ecological land in the region needs to return 369 km² cultivated land to forest, 191 km² cultivated land to grass land and 141 km² unused land to forest, and the research put forward a space optimization scheme. The result has an important guiding significance for ecological construction and ecological system management in the middle reaches of the Heihe River.

Key words: optimization of minimum ecological land, modified ecological footprint model, ecological importance, ecological suitability assessment, middle reaches of Heihe River

中图分类号:

F301.2

周朕, 蒙吉军. 基于改进生态足迹模型与生态重要性识别的最小生态用地优化——黑河中游案例研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(3): 513-520.

ZHOU Zhen, MENG Ji-jun. Optimization of minimum ecological land based on modified ecological footprint model and ecological importance assessment: a case of middle reaches of Heihe River[J]. , 2016, 39(3): 513-520.

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