基于CERES的宁夏空中云水资源特征及其增雨潜力研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2009-2014年NASA地球观测系统(EOS)云与地球辐射能量系统(CERES)云资料和气象站降水资料,对宁夏北部引黄灌区、中部干旱带及南部山区3个具有不同地形、地貌、气候特征的地区云水资源及增雨潜力特征进行了对比研究。结果表明:宁夏地区大气可降水量在空间分布上呈现从东南向西北方向递减,从季节变化看表现出随夏秋春冬依次递减的特征。在东亚季风和贺兰山地形的共同影响下,全年总云量和低云量在南部山区最大,北部川区最小。云光学厚度与水云粒子半径及冰云等效直径呈显著的负相关关系,其中中部干旱带相关关系最强是开展人工增雨效果最显著的地区。随着全年四季天气气候变化,宁夏人工增雨主要潜力区会逐渐由春季的贺兰山沿山、中部干旱带地区,移动到夏季的银川以南同心以北和固原西南部地区,秋季缩减到海原、西吉一带。

关键词: CERES, 云水资源, 人工增雨, 开发潜力

Abstract: Located in arid and semi-arid area,Ningxia is one of the climate change sensitive areas and ecological environment fragile areas in the Northwestern of China. Learning the characteristics of cloud water resource is very important for addressing the impact of climate change upon water resource. The data of Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System(CERES)has higher spatial resolution and stronger pertinence,and is applicable to study of the characteristic of the cloud water resource in small scale terrain. With data of CERES and precipitation data from observation stations from June 2009 to June 2014,this paper studied the distribution characteristics and developing potential of cloud water resource in northern,central and southern regions of Ningxia which have different topography and climate characters. Results show as follows:(1)Atmospheric precipitation water in Ningxia region showed decreasing trend from southeast to northwest;and the volume of each season from most to least,in order,were summer,autumn,spring and winter. The difference of atmosphere precipitation water volume in each region was maximum in summer,followed by that in spring,autumn and winter.(2)The minimum value of total and low cloud covers was in northern region and the maximum value was in southern region under the influence of the East Asian monsoon and Helan Mountain terrain. The values of total cloud cover were from 26.3% to 26.7%,34.5% to 66.3% and 38.3% to 73.5% in north region,media region and the south region,respectively; The values of low cloud cover were from 23.5% to 55.8%,29.2% to 51.4% and 32.1% to 58.9% in north region,media region and the south region,respectively. The maximum of the total and low cloud cover were in September and July,respectively,and the minimum was in January.(3)The mean of the cloud optical thickness, water cloud effective radius and effective diameter of ice clouds were 9.16,10.4 and 43.7,respectively;the correlation between the cloud optical thickness and water cloud effective radius,effective diameter of ice clouds were significant negative and the strongest negative correlation appeared at north and central arid zones,particularly in the central Ningxia region,which is the most significant area for carrying out artificial precipitation. According to the spatial-temporal distribution of the artificial precipitation potential,it is suggested that we should intensify efforts for artificial precipitation in summer;the key areas of artificial precipitation should be carried out in the Helan Mountain and the central arid zone area in spring,the north of Tongxin County and south of Yinchuan City in summer,and Haiyuan and Xiji County in autumn.

Key words: CERES, cloud water resource, weather modification, developing potential

中图分类号:

P426.5

常倬林, 崔洋, 张武, 田磊, 翟涛. 基于CERES的宁夏空中云水资源特征及其增雨潜力研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2015, 38(6): 1112-1120.

CHANG Zhuo-lin, CUI Yang, ZHANG Wu, TIAN Lei, ZHAI Tao. Characteristics and developing potential of cloud water resource in Ningxia with the CERES data[J]. , 2015, 38(6): 1112-1120.

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