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干旱区地理 ›› 2013, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 662-668.

• 气候与水文 • 上一篇    下一篇

哈萨克斯坦东部水体氢、氧同位素和水化学特征

曾海鳌1,吴敬禄1,刘文1,马龙2,吉力力·阿不都外力2,A.S. Saparov3   

  1. 1    中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 湖泊与环境国家重点实验室, 江苏    南京   210008;2    中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室, 新疆    乌鲁木齐    830011;3    哈萨克斯坦农业部土壤与农业化学研究所, 哈萨克斯坦    阿拉木图    050060
  • 收稿日期:2012-11-27 修回日期:2013-02-19 出版日期:2013-07-25
  • 作者简介:曾海鳌(1980-),男,助理研究员,博士,主要从事环境地球化学研究. Email:zenghaiao@niglas.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:

    国家国际科技合作计划(2010DFA92720);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向性项目(KZCX2-EW-308)

Characteristics of hydrochemistry and hydrogen,oxygen isotopes of waters in Kazakhstan

ZENG  Hai-ao1,WU  Jing-lu1,LIU  Wen1,MA  Long2,Jilili ABUDUWAILI2,SAPAROV A.S3   

  1. 1    State  Key  Laboratory  of  Lake  Science  and  Environment, Nanjing  Institute  of  Geography  and  Limnology, Chinese  Academy  of  Sciences  Nanjing210008, Jiangsu, China;   2   Xinjiang  Institute  of  Ecology  and  Geography, Chinese  Academy  of  Sciences, Urumqi  830011, Xinjiang, China;3   Institute  of  Soil  Science, Kazakhstan  Ministry  of  Agriculture, Almaty  050060, Kazakhstan
  • Received:2012-11-27 Revised:2013-02-19 Online:2013-07-25

摘要: 哈萨克斯坦是中亚干旱-半干旱地区最大的内陆国家,东部以阿尔泰山、天山与我国相隔,区内河流众多,是该国水资源的主要来源地,额尔齐斯河、伊犁河是中哈两国重要的跨境河流。通过对哈萨克斯坦东部不同区域河水和湖水的主要离子、氢、氧同位素分析,初步研究了该区域的水化学和同位素空间分布特征及其对地表水循环的指示意义。结果表明:哈萨克斯坦东部河水离子组成以HCO3-Ca为主,局部有HCO3-Na水型分布。湖水以SO4-Na为主,有少量HCO3-Ca和SO4-Ca型水。研究区内水体Ca2+、Na+、SO42-均表现出南北低中间高的空间特征。河水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-123.46‰~-71.22‰和-16.09‰~-10.21‰,湖水氢、氧同位素变化范围分别为-97.82‰~-9.20‰和-12.74‰~2.44‰。额尔齐斯河河水与周围补给水体的氢、氧同位素差异显著,表明其主要来源于上游补给。河水和湖水氢、氧同位素关系式分别为δD=7.546×δ18O+3.507和δD=5.737×δ18O-24.14,且河水氢、氧同位素与经、纬度显著相关,反映了明显的内陆效应,而湖水氢、氧同位素的变化则主要反映了水体的蒸发程度,水体氢、氧同位素变化敏感地示踪了该区域水体的来源与循环特征。

关键词: 哈萨克斯坦, 水体氢、氧同位素, 水化学特征

Abstract: Main ions and hydrogen,oxygen isotopes were measured in lake water,river water and rain water collected in Kazakhstan from July 2012,in order to analyze the spatial distribution characteristics and further explore the environmental significance. The results showed that the ions of water reflect the environment characteristics of different area of Kazakhstan. Ca2+ and [HCO-3] are the dominant ions of river water,while few water samples are [HCO-3] and Na+ ions types impacted by the evaporation. The quality types of lakes in Kazakhstan are mainly SO4-Na and SO4-Ca ions types,impacted by long time evaporation.  The arid climate condition induces that most lakes become slight saline lakes. The ion concentrations of Ca2+,Na+,[SO2-4] in the central area are much higher than that in the north and south areas. The hydrogen,oxygen isotopes of river water in Kazakhstan rang from -123.46‰to -71.22‰ and -16.09‰ to -10.21‰ respectively. The equivalent values of lake water are from -97.82‰ to -9.20‰ and  -12.74‰ to 2.44‰. The values of hydrogen,oxygen isotopes in the Ertix River are significantly different from that of adjacent rivers,indicating that the water source of Ertix River is mainly from the upper reach. The relationship between hydrogen and oxygen isotopes of river water and lake water are δD=7.546×δ18O+3.507 and δD=5.737×δ18O-24.14. Moreover,the values of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes are decreased from the south to the north. These suggest that river water is mainly supplied by glaciers and precipitation and the hydrogen,oxygen isotopes of lake water mainly reflected the degree of water evaporation. The results indicate that hydrogen,oxygen isotopes are good tracers for the water source and hydrological cycle in Kazakhstan.

Key words: Kazakhstan, hydrogen and oxygen isotopes, hydrochemical characteristics

中图分类号: 

  • P332.7