柴达木盆地灌丛沙丘风沙沉积记录的气候环境演化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2025.745

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

灌丛沙丘作为一类特殊的风沙沉积地貌，记录了丰富的环境演化信息，是干旱半干旱地区古气候变化研究的有效载体。以柴达木盆地南缘6 m灌丛沙丘为研究对象，通过收集沙丘剖面5个光释光样品和61个沉积物样品，综合分析风沙沉积物粒度、地球化学元素、化学风化指标及养分等多个指标，探讨全新世晚期百年尺度的风沙环境演变特征。结果表明：研究区灌丛沙丘沉积以短距离跃移和悬移为主，受气候干湿变化、风力强弱转换和植被演替控制，经历了复杂的堆积侵蚀交替主导的沉积过程。自3.91 ka以来，研究区风沙活动与气候条件呈阶段性变化，可将其分为4个阶段：3.91 ka之前气候干冷，风沙活动相对较弱；3.91—2.85 ka气候转向相对暖湿，风沙活动增强；2.85—1.76 ka气候干湿波动频繁，风沙活动由弱转强；1.76 ka以来气候整体趋向干冷。灌丛沙丘沉积过程指示了柴达木地区全新世晚期气候环境的阶段性特征，为区域风沙环境演化提供了新的沉积证据。

关键词: 灌丛沙丘, 风沙沉积, 气候演变, 柴达木盆地

Abstract:

Nebkhas are unique aeolian depositional landforms that contain a wealth of information about environmental evolution. They serve as valuable archives for paleoclimate studies in arid and semiarid regions. Taking a six-meter-high nebkha on the southern margin of the Qaidam Basin as the study subject, this research collected five optically stimulated luminescence samples and 61 sediment samples from its profile. By analyzing multiple parameters, including grain size, geochemical elements, chemical weathering indices, and nutrients, the study investigated the evolution of the aeolian sedimentary environment during the Late Holocene on a centennial timescale. The results showed that nebkha sedimentation in the study area primarily involved short-distance saltation and suspension. This process is influenced by changes in climate (dryness and wetness), variations in wind strength, and vegetation succession, resulting in a complex history alternately dominated by deposition and erosion. Since 3.91 ka, aeolian activity and climatic conditions in the study area have exhibited four distinct phases: (1) before 3.91 ka: a cold and dry climate with relatively weak aeolian activity. (2) 3.91—2.85 ka: relatively warm and humid conditions with enhanced aeolian activity. (3) 2.85—1.76 ka: frequent dry-humid fluctuations, with aeolian activity transitioning from weak to strong. (4) since 1.76 ka: a general trend toward a dry and cold climate. The depositional processes within nebkhas thus reflect the phased characteristics of Late Holocene climatic and environmental evolution in the Qaidam region, thus offering new sedimentary evidence for understanding regional aeolian environmental changes.

Key words: nebkha, aeolian sediments, climatic evolution, Qaidam Basin

孙燕, 南维鸽, 胡光印, 杨林海, 胡菁菁, 郝雪萌. 柴达木盆地灌丛沙丘风沙沉积记录的气候环境演化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2026, 49(9): 1765-1776.

SUN Yan, NAN Weige, HU Guangyin, YANG Linhai, HU Jingjing, HAO Xuemeng. Climatic and environmental evolution recorded by aeolian sediments of nebkha in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2026, 49(9): 1765-1776.

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采样深度/cm	测试指标						年龄/ka
采样深度/cm	U/mg·kg^-1	Th/mg·kg^-1	K/%	含水率/%	剂量率/Gy·ka^-1	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
100	2.12±0.01	9.14±0.01	1.71±0.00	6±5	3.03±0.10	5.34±0.20	1.76±0.09
200	2.28±0.01	7.77±0.01	1.72±0.02	6±5	2.93±0.10	5.77±0.20	1.97±0.10
300	2.32±0.05	8.93±0.01	1.70±0.00	6±5	2.97±0.10	6.84±0.18	2.30±0.10
380	1.72±0.01	6.84±0.01	1.52±0.01	6±5	2.51±0.09	7.16±0.22	2.85±0.13
500	2.04±0.01	8.26±0.00	1.60±0.02	6±5	2.73±0.09	10.68±0.16	3.91±0.15

深度/cm	参数	黏土	粉砂	极细砂	细砂	中砂	粗砂
0~100	均值	0.36	32.62	40.31	23.58	2.62	0.52
0~100	范围	0.18~0.58	25.03~43.77	31.42~47.47	19.87~28.19	0.00~8.09	0.00~2.14
100~200	均值	0.35	32.31	42.68	23.24	1.32	0.10
100~200	范围	0.29~0.53	27.17~38.94	40.28~45.09	19.8~27.66	0.17~2.83	0.00~0.30
200~300	均值	0.31	29.88	46.99	21.65	1.02	0.12
200~300	范围	0.18~0.55	23.46~40.91	40.49~51.79	6.89~25.81	0.00~4.30	0.00~0.73
300~380	均值	0.44	36.46	40.46	20.99	1.53	0.12
300~380	范围	0.29~0.80	27.88~47.7	33.44~43.12	13.95~27.07	0.00~3.77	0.00~0.53
380~500	均值	0.34	32.73	42.33	23.25	1.25	0.10
380~500	范围	0.07~0.83	17.24~49.06	37.09~49.73	12.75~32.36	0.00~4.71	0.00~0.94
500~600	均值	0.99	41.31	36.99	18.32	2.06	0.32
500~600	范围	0.35~1.49	31.09~51.85	33.41~43.8	12.15~27.83	0.48~4.01	0.00~1.27