中国北方地区两次沙尘暴对典型大城市的影响——以兰州市和北京市为例

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中国北方地区两次沙尘暴对典型大城市的影响——以兰州市和北京市为例

Impact of two sandstorms on typical cities in northern China: A case of Lanzhou City and Beijing City

中国北方地区两次沙尘暴对典型大城市的影响——以兰州市和北京市为例

Impact of two sandstorms on typical cities in northern China: A case of Lanzhou City and Beijing City

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doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.359

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (5): 789-800.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.359 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024359

李佳宸¹^,²(), 巨天珍¹^,²(), 李丙南³, 邱玉梦¹^,², 曹亚群¹^,², 王佳琦¹^,²

1.西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院，甘肃兰州 730070
2.甘肃省绿洲资源环境与可持续发展重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730070
3.陕西师范大学新闻传播学院，陕西西安 710119

收稿日期:2024-06-07 修回日期:2024-07-31 出版日期:2025-05-25 发布日期:2025-05-13
通讯作者: 巨天珍（1965-），女，硕士，正高级教授，主要从事环境科学研究. E-mail: sandstorm608@163.com
作者简介:李佳宸（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事大气环境研究. E-mail: 2022213029@nwnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省自然科学基金(17YF1FA120)

LI Jiachen¹^,²(), JU Tianzhen¹^,²(), LI Bingnan³, QIU Yumeng¹^,², CAO Yaqun¹^,², WANG Jiaqi¹^,²

1. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
2. The Key Laboratory of Resource Environment and Sustainable Development of Oasis, Lanzhou 730070, Gansu, China
3. School of Journalism and Communication, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China

Received:2024-06-07 Revised:2024-07-31 Published:2025-05-25 Online:2025-05-13

摘要： 沙尘暴和气象因素之间的复杂关系不仅是颗粒物形成和分布的主导原因，也会对交通运输、农牧业及人群健康产生严重影响。基于HYSPLIT、小波相干和随机森林模型，探究中国北方地区2021年3月10—25日（SD1）和2023年3月16—28日（SD2）2次强沙尘暴的传输路径，以及气象因素对城市PM₁₀影响。结果表明：（1） 2次沙尘暴事件中，中国北方地区形成了一条覆盖新疆、甘肃、陕西和山东等地的气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）高值带，主要原因为蒙古气旋的南移和新疆的强西风环流。（2）气流传输方向整体为西北到东北，城市表现为兰州易受新疆气旋影响，北京则受蒙古气旋影响显著。SD1期间，兰州的气流主要来源为青海和新疆，北京53.64%的气团传输至中国东北地区，延伸至俄罗斯东北部；SD2期间，兰州气流的51.16%来源于内蒙古，北京49.41%的气流传输至山东和江苏等地区。（3） SD1的PM₁₀变化在长时间尺度上表现出更高的气象因素敏感性，而SD2则在短时间尺度上展现出更多气象因子的变化。（4）兰州是2个气旋的碰撞点，表现为气压和气温的不稳定变化，北京则为沙尘暴输入终点，主要受气温影响。研究结果揭示了中国北方地区沙尘暴的形成机制，并有助于理解气象因素和颗粒物之间的相互作用关系。

关键词: 沙尘暴, 谷歌地球（GEE）, 路径分析, 小波相干性, 气象归一化

Abstract:

The complex relationship between dust storms and meteorological factors is the primary driver of particulate matter formation and distribution. These dust storms also significantly affect transportation, agriculture and animal husbandry, and population health. Using the HYSPLIT, wavelet coherence, and random forest models, the transport paths of two strong dust storms in northern China, one from March 10 to 25, 2021 (SD1) and the other from March 16 to 28, 2023 (SD2), were investigated. In addition, the effects of meteorological factors on urban PM₁₀ were investigated. The findings revealed the following. (1) A high aerosol optical thickness (AOD) belt stretching across Xinjiang, Gansu, Shaanxi, and Shandong formed in northern China during these two dust storm events. This phenomenon was primarily attributed to the southward movement of the Mongolian cyclone and the strong westerly wind circulation in Xinjiang. (2) The overall airflow transmission moved from northwest to northeast. Lanzhou was found to be susceptible to Xinjiang cyclones, while Beijing was notably affected by Mongolian cyclones. During SD1, airflow in Lanzhou primarily originated from Qinghai and Xinjiang, with 53.64% of Beijing’s air mass being transmitted to northeast regions of China and extending into northeastern Russia. During SD2, 51.16% of Lanzhou’s airflow stemmed from Inner Mongolia, while 49.41% of Beijing’s airflow moved toward areas such as Shandong and Jiangsu. (3) PM₁₀ variations in SD1 exhibited greater sensitivity to meteorological factors over longer time scales. In contrast, SD2 displayed diverse responses to meteorological factors over shorter time scales. (4) Lanzhou served as the collision zone for the two cyclones, showing unstable pressure and temperature changes. Conversely, Beijing acted as the endpoint for dust storm input, primarily influenced by temperature. These results facilitate a better understanding of dust storm formation mechanisms in northern China and of the interactions between meteorological factors and particulate matter.

Key words: dust storms, Google Earth Engine (GEE), trajectory analysis, wavelet coherence, meteorological normalization

李佳宸, 巨天珍, 李丙南, 邱玉梦, 曹亚群, 王佳琦. 中国北方地区两次沙尘暴对典型大城市的影响——以兰州市和北京市为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(5): 789-800.

LI Jiachen, JU Tianzhen, LI Bingnan, QIU Yumeng, CAO Yaqun, WANG Jiaqi. Impact of two sandstorms on typical cities in northern China: A case of Lanzhou City and Beijing City[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(5): 789-800.

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时间尺度（t）/h	气温	相对湿度	气压	风速	风向	可见度
t<16	-0.8	0.8	0.8	-0.8	0.8	-0.8
16<t<64	0.6	-0.8	0.6	0.8	-0.6	-0.8
t>64	0.8	-0.8	-0.8	0.6	-0.8	-0.8

时间尺度（t）/h	气温	相对湿度	气压	风速	风向	可见度
t<16	0.8	0.8	0.8	-0.6	-0.8	-0.8
16<t<64	-0.6	-0.8	0.0	0.0	0.6	-0.8
t>64	0.0	-0.8	-0.6	0.0	-0.8	-0.8

事件	北京				兰州
事件	RMSE/μg·m^-3	MAE/μg·m^-3	MBE/μg·m^-3	R²	RMSE/μg·m^-3	MAE/μg·m^-3	MBE/μg·m^-3	R²
SD1	2.02	4.29	-3.05	0.93	1.33	0.94	-0.01	0.96
SD2	1.77	2.73	-1.01	0.94	2.10	3.51	-0.33	0.98

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