基于环境质量指数的塔里木河下游生态输水效益评估

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.075

干旱区地理 ›› 2025, Vol. 48 ›› Issue (1): 31-42.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2024.075 cstr: 32274.14.ALG2024075

基于环境质量指数的塔里木河下游生态输水效益评估

艾力克木·司拉音¹(), 安外尔·艾则孜², 塔吉古丽·喀斯木², 史智文², 胥俊宇²^,³, 则外日古丽·克比尔²^,³, 玉米提·哈力克³, 艾里西尔·库尔班²()

1.新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河干流管理局，新疆库尔勒 841000
2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
3.新疆大学生态与环境学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830046

收稿日期:2024-02-02 修回日期:2024-03-16 出版日期:2025-01-25 发布日期:2025-01-21
通讯作者: 艾里西尔·库尔班（1966-），男，博士，研究员，主要从事遥感与地理信息系统应用研究. E-mail: alishir@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:艾力克木·司拉音（1982-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事干旱区植被及生态遥感研究. E-mail: alkam0403@sina.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(32071655);新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河干流管理局(TGJGLJJJG2021ZXF);新疆维吾尔自治区人社厅天池英才青年博士项目(E335030101)

Evaluation of the ecological water conveyance benefits in the lower reaches of Tarim River based on environmental quality index

Ailikemu SILAYIN¹(), Anwar EZIZ², Tajiguli KASIMU², SHI Zhiwen², XU Junyu²^,³, Ziwargul KIBIR²^,³, Umut HALIK³, Alishir KURBAN²()

1. Tarim River Management Bureau of Xinjiang Autonomous Region, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-02-02 Revised:2024-03-16 Published:2025-01-25 Online:2025-01-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 环境质量指数（EQI）是由气候/气象、水资源、土壤、地形地貌和生物多样性等方面的环境要素组成的，能够快速全方位定量评估自然环境总体质量的工具。基于遥感、实地监测、文献等多源数据，用熵值法、主成分分析和层次分析等方法计算EQI，对2000、2010年和2020年塔里木河下游自然环境质量进行综合评价。结果表明：（1）在生态输水作用下，2000—2020年塔里木河下游自然环境质量有显著改善。其中，EQI相对较高的区域主要分布在近河道两岸和湖盆周边。（2） 2000—2010年环境质量改善（改善面积为15620 km²）较2010—2020年（改善面积为13831 km²）明显。（3）环境质量较差及以下（EQI<0.4）和较好（EQI≥0.8）等级的EQI的增加最为明显，而环境质量差（0.4≤EQI<0.5）和良好（0.6≤EQI<0.8）等级的EQI增加不显著。生态输水量的增加显著减少了EQI偏低和中等区域面积，促进了EQI偏高的区域面积增加，说明总体上生态输水改善了研究区环境质量。

关键词: 环境质量指数, 综合评估, 多源数据, 塔里木河下游

Abstract:

The environmental quality index (EQI) is a comprehensive metric for evaluating the quality of the natural environment, integrating components such as climate, water resources, soil, topography, and biodiversity. Using data from satellite imagery, field observations, and published literature, EQI of the lower reaches of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China in 2000, 2010 and 2020 was calculated by entropy, principal component analysis, and hierarchical analysis methods. The findings revealed that: (1) Ecological water conveyance significantly improved the natural environmental quality in the lower reaches of Tarim River from 2000 to 2020. High EQI regions were primarily concentrated near riverbanks and the lake basin. (2) From 2000 to 2010, environmental quality improvement was more pronounced, with 15620 km² increase in improved areas, compared to 13831 km² increase from 2010 to 2020. (3) The EQI classified as poor (EQI<0.4) and very good (EQI≥0.8) increased significantly, whereas the below-average (0.4≤EQI<0.5) and good (0.6≤EQI<0.8) EQI classes showed no significant change. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the overall ecological water conveyance strategy in enhancing environmental quality by reducing low and medium EQI areas and expanding high EQI areas.

Key words: environmental quality index, comprehensive assessment, multi-source data, lower reaches of Tarim River

艾力克木·司拉音, 安外尔·艾则孜, 塔吉古丽·喀斯木, 史智文, 胥俊宇, 则外日古丽·克比尔, 玉米提·哈力克, 艾里西尔·库尔班. 基于环境质量指数的塔里木河下游生态输水效益评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2025, 48(1): 31-42.

Ailikemu SILAYIN, Anwar EZIZ, Tajiguli KASIMU, SHI Zhiwen, XU Junyu, Ziwargul KIBIR, Umut HALIK, Alishir KURBAN. Evaluation of the ecological water conveyance benefits in the lower reaches of Tarim River based on environmental quality index[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2025, 48(1): 31-42.

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自然环境要素	指标	数据来源	年份	指标属性	空间分辨率/m
气候/气象	地表温度	资源环境科学数据平台（www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=98）	2000，2010，2020	负向	1000
气候/气象	地表温度标准差	用3 km×3 km的滑动窗口来计算标准差	2000，2010，2020	负向	1000
土壤	土壤湿度	PIE ENGINE网站（https://engine.piesat.cn/dataset-list）	2002，2010，2018	正向	5400
	地表湿度指数	基于Landsat 7/8 OLI计算	2000，2010，2020	正向	30
	土壤全氮	土地科学数据中心（http://soil.geodata.cn）	2000，2010，2018	正向	90
	土壤全磷	土地科学数据中心（http://soil.geodata.cn）	2000，2010，2018	正向	90
	土壤有机碳	土地科学数据中心（http://soil.geodata.cn）	2000，2010，2018	正向	90
	土壤pH	土地科学数据中心（http://soil.geodata.cn）	2000，2010，2018	正向	90
沙漠化	裸地面积	资源环境科学数据平台（www.resdc.cn/DOI/DOI.aspx?DOIID=54）	2000，2010，2020	负向	30
盐渍化地	土壤指数	基于Landsat 8 OLI计算	2000，2010，2020	负向	30
生物多样性	叶面积指数	Earth Data网站（ladsweb.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov）	2000，2010，2020	正向	1000
	归一化植被指数，增强植被指数，土壤调节植被指数	基于Landsat 7/8 OLI计算	2000，2010，2020	正向	30
	物种丰富度	以往研究^{[31⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-37]}	2000，2010，2020	正向	30
	Simpson多样性指数	以往研究^{[31⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-37]}	2000，2010，2020	正向	30
	Shannon-Weiner多样性指数	以往研究^{[31⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-37]}	2000，2010，2020	正向	30
水资源	水域面积	Global Surface Water网站（https://global-surface-water.appspot.com）	2000，2010，2020	正向	30
水资源	地下水埋深	以往研究^{[31⇓⇓⇓⇓⇓-37]}	2000，2010，2020	负向	30

环境质量等级		2000年
环境质量等级		差		很差		较差		良好		一般
2010年	差	709.80		42.09		142.22		18.82		282.34
	很差	0.49		1470.10		93.02		-		-
	较差	199.70		192.85		459.94		-		5.11
	较好	-		0.14		-		79.44		0.01
	良好	41.52		8.17		49.85		219.12		138.99
	一般	238.40		15.72		57.02		31.74		345.59
环境质量等级		2010年
环境质量等级		差	很差		较差		较好		良好		一般
2020年	差	349.66	39.24		170.70		-		10.31		107.36
	很差	290.14	1345.17		295.78		-		0.09		49.17
	很好	0.07	-		-		40.29		7.66		0.06
	较差	106.51	142.47		235.03		-		3.22		30.92
	较好	14.18	-		6.18		31.18		72.73		5.07
	良好	141.31	17.85		76.21		8.08		313.84		213.88
	一般	292.68	18.50		73.57		-		49.42		281.98

基于环境质量指数的塔里木河下游生态输水效益评估

Evaluation of the ecological water conveyance benefits in the lower reaches of Tarim River based on environmental quality index

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