吐鲁番和若羌冬季气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测分析

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.056

干旱区地理 ›› 2022, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1426-1439.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.056

吐鲁番和若羌冬季气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测分析

郑博华¹(),陈胜¹,李圆圆¹(),樊茹霞²,孔令文¹,郝雷¹

1.新疆维吾尔自治区人工影响天气办公室,新疆乌鲁木齐 830002
2.内蒙古自治区气象科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特 010051

收稿日期:2022-02-16 修回日期:2022-06-13 出版日期:2022-09-25 发布日期:2022-10-20
通讯作者: 李圆圆
作者简介:郑博华（1988-）,男,硕士研究生,主要从事计算机图形学、数据处理与人工影响天气方面的研究. E-mail: 115125991@qq.com
基金资助:
新疆气象局引导性计划项目(YD202204);新疆气象局引导性计划项目(YD202203);自治区自然科学基金项目(2021D01A153);中国气象局西北区域人影建设研究试验项目(RYSY201902);中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题(2020Z00705);基于探测飞机资料的新疆不同地区垂直高度粒子分布特征研究项目资助

Aircraft observation and analysis of vertical distribution of aerosols in winter in Turpan and Ruoqiang

ZHENG Bohua¹(),CHEN Sheng¹,LI Yuanyuan¹(),FAN Ruxia²,KONG Lingwen¹,HAO Lei¹

1. Weather Modification Office of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China
2. Inner Mongolia Institute of Meteorological Sciences, Hohhot 010051, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2022-02-16 Revised:2022-06-13 Online:2022-09-25 Published:2022-10-20
Contact: Yuanyuan LI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用2019年冬季吐鲁番和2020年冬季若羌共14次完整机载探测气溶胶资料,结合宏观天气资料及大气污染数据,研究飞机爬升或降落阶段两地上空气溶胶粒子数浓度、粒子平均粒径的垂直变化规律,分析不同高度的粒子谱分布特征。结果表明：（1）两地冬季气溶胶粒子数浓度及粒子直径存在明显差异。在无明显天气过程下,若羌气溶胶粒子数浓度均值（5354·cm^-3）明显高于吐鲁番（3948·cm^-3）;粒子平均粒径来看,均值差异不大,但吐鲁番出现大直径粒子（0.16 $μ m$ ）数量高于若羌（0.13 $μ m$ ）。2019年12月15日大风后最为明显,粒子直径最大值达到0.21 $μ m$ ,这与沙尘气溶胶多有关联。从垂直变化情况来看,两地气溶胶粒子数浓度均随高度增加而升高,若羌各层普遍高于吐鲁番,但吐鲁番近地面粒子直径随高度增加有明显下降,若羌整层变化很小。（2）吐鲁番、若羌气溶胶粒子数浓度和粒子平均粒径受大风、降水等天气过程以及逆温层的影响十分明显。两地高层均主要为输入型气溶胶,低层差异主要是由于吐鲁番地区人为源气溶胶粒子的排放导致的大气环境污染。（3）吐鲁番、若羌两地粒子谱分布在0.10~3.00 $μ m$ 范围内变化趋势大体一致,主要以小粒径为主,谱分布受天气过程影响变化较为明显。（4）从三模态粒径相似度对比可以得出,无论是吐鲁番还是若羌,在第一模态中数谱分布差异不大,若羌平均相似度为50.330%,略高于吐鲁番46.770%。有明显天气过程时,吐鲁番气溶胶数谱在二、三模态相似度（小于0.020%）急剧下降,而若羌第二模态相似度仍满足置信度95%,但第三模态中变化凸显,相似度不足0.020%。

关键词: 气溶胶, 飞机探测, 垂直分布, 气溶胶粒子数浓度, 粒子直径

Abstract:

The vertical changes to aerosol particle number concentration and average diameter in two areas during aircraft climb or landing were studied using a total of 14 airborne aerosol detection data in Turpan City, Xinjiang, China in the winter of 2019 and Ruoqiang County, Xinjiang, China in the winter of 2020, combined with macro weather and air pollution data. The characteristics of particle spectrum distribution at different heights were analyzed. The result shows: (1) There are obvious differences in the aerosol particle number concentration and particle diameter of aerosol particles in the two places in winter. In the absence of obvious weather change, the average aerosol particle number concentration data for Ruoqiang is significantly higher than that for Turpan; there is little difference in terms of average particle diameter between the two places, but the number of large-diameter particles in Turpan was higher than that for Ruoqiang, which was closely related to the presence of more dust aerosols in Turpan. (2) The aerosol particle number concentration and average particle diameter in the two places were significantly affected by weather processes such as strong wind and precipitation, as well as the temperature inversion layer. High wind process causes an increase in particle number concentration, and there is a slow updraft before the snowfall process, resulting in the aerosol particle number concentration that is 3-4 times higher than the average value. (3) In general, the upper layers of Ruoqiang and Turpan mainly contain imported aerosols, and the lower layers are mainly localized. The issue of environmental damage and air pollution is especially serious. Under clear sky or cloudy weather conditions, the aerosol particle number concentration is generally higher in Ruoqiang than in Turpan, indicating that the number of larger diameter particles in Ruoqiang is relatively less than that in Turpan, and its geographical location determines this. There are fewer industrial activities and fewer anthropogenic activities, so there are fewer particles emitted by humans. From the analysis of the aerosol particle number concentration and average diameter, it is believed that this area primarily has a large number of small dust aerosols. (4) The particle spectrum distribution in Turpan and Ruoqiang (0.10-3.00 μm diameter) is a single-peak and double-valley distribution; the peak is mainly concentrated at 0.4 μm, and the valley is mainly concentrated between 0.15 μm to 1.60 μm. The comparison of particle size similarity between the three modes shows that there is little difference in the number spectrum distribution in the first mode in Turpan or Ruoqiang, and the similarity is high. When there is an obvious weather process, the similarity of the Turpan aerosol number spectrum in the second and third modes drops sharply, and if only the third mode changes significantly, it indicates that the temperature inversion layer inhibits particle diffusion and hinders convective movement.

Key words: aerosol, aircraft measurement, vertical distribution, aerosol particle number concentration, particle diameter

郑博华,陈胜,李圆圆,樊茹霞,孔令文,郝雷. 吐鲁番和若羌冬季气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022, 45(5): 1426-1439.

ZHENG Bohua,CHEN Sheng,LI Yuanyuan,FAN Ruxia,KONG Lingwen,HAO Lei. Aircraft observation and analysis of vertical distribution of aerosols in winter in Turpan and Ruoqiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2022, 45(5): 1426-1439.

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机场	探测高度/m	日期（年-月-日）	起降	时间	天气背景	天气实况
吐鲁番交河机场（海拔高度214 m）	350~4050	2019-12-15	d	14:46:30—14:58:43	短波	多云（14日夜间大风）
		2019-12-20	u	16:57:00—17:04:11	北支槽	多云
		2019-12-24	u	11:34:21—11:41:21	中压低槽	多云
		2019-12-29	u	12:04:09—12:50:08	中压短波槽	多云
		2019-12-29	d	13:48:44—14:22:08	中压短波槽	多云
		2020-01-10	u	11:25:11—11:32:02	中压短波槽	多云
		2020-01-14	u	14:46:27—14:53:25	中压短波槽	阴转小雪
若羌楼兰机场（海拔高度891 m）	950~4650	2021-01-02	u	12:07:05—12:13:51	西西伯利亚低槽	晴
		2021-01-08	u	12:56:50—13:04:27	西西伯利亚低槽	多云
		2021-01-08	d	19:52:13—20:09:35	西西伯利亚低槽	多云
		2021-01-09	u	11:19:35—11:26:46	西西伯利亚低槽	阴
		2021-02-01	u	17:34:42—17:41:15	短波槽	多云
		2021-02-28	u	11:44:51—11:51:56	偏西气流	多云（28日凌晨浮尘）
		2021-02-28	d	14:35:39—14:59:23	偏西气流	多云（28日凌晨浮尘）

机场	日期（年-月-日）	起降	时间/h	能见度/km	AQI	PM_2.5小时浓度/μg·m^-3	PM₁₀小时浓度/μg·m^-3
吐鲁番交河机场	2019-12-15	d	15	6.6	137	104	215
	2019-12-20	u	17	4.2	117	88	132
	2019-12-24	u	12	4.1	113	85	122
	2019-12-29	u	13	9.6	110	83	170
	2019-12-29	d	15	9.0	114	86	113
	2020-01-10	u	12	7.4	134	102	202
	2020-01-14	u	15	5.8	153	117	239
若羌楼兰机场	2021-01-02	u	13	18.9	-	-	-
	2021-01-08	u	13	15.8	-	-	-
	2021-01-08	d	20	15.3	-	-	-
	2021-01-09	u	12	9.9	-	-	-
	2021-02-01	u	18	25.5	-	-	-
	2021-02-28	u	12	4.4	-	-	-
	2021-02-28	d	15	18.7	-	-	-

机场	日期（年-月-日）	起降	气溶胶粒子数浓度/cm^-3			粒子平均粒径/μm
机场	日期（年-月-日）	起降	最大值	最小值	平均值	最大值	最小值	平均值
吐鲁番交河机场	2019-12-15	d	8472	1263	3845	0.21	0.11	0.13
	2019-12-20	u	7888	2581	3774	0.16	0.10	0.11
	2019-12-24	u	7321	3228	4482	0.14	0.11	0.11
	2019-12-29	u	8729	1794	4071	0.14	0.11	0.11
	2019-12-29	d	9175	1521	3999	0.18	0.11	0.16
	2020-01-10	u	7109	2254	3413	0.18	0.10	0.12
	2020-01-14	u	20849	7907	13276	0.12	0.10	0.11
若羌楼兰机场	2021-01-02	u	10269	1305	5106	0.13	0.10	0.11
	2021-01-08	u	11189	2440	6261	0.12	0.10	0.11
	2021-01-08	d	19248	926	5554	0.13	0.11	0.12
	2021-01-09	u	10096	1597	5825	0.13	0.10	0.12
	2021-02-01	u	8343	836	4022	0.12	0.10	0.11
	2021-02-28	u	6325	603	2237	0.13	0.10	0.11
	2021-02-28	d	9762	473	4647	0.14	0.11	0.12

起降阶段（年-月-日）	2019-12-15d	2019-12-20u	2019-12-24u	2019-12-29u	2019-12-29d	2020-01-10u	2020-01-14u
	-	16.780	16.780	16.780	41.750	41.750	16.780
2019-12-15d	-	5.240	5.240	1.230	5.240	16.780	0.001
	-	5.240	0.210	0.022	0.210	16.780	0.001
	16.780	-	100.000	41.750	99.450	78.690	16.780
2019-12-20u	5.240	-	99.450	5.240	41.750	78.690	0.022
	5.240	-	41.750	5.240	78.690	41.750	0.001
	16.780	100.000	-	41.750	99.450	78.690	16.780
2019-12-24u	5.240	99.450	-	5.240	41.750	78.690	0.022
	0.210	41.750	-	41.750	99.450	1.230	0.001
	16.780	41.750	41.750	-	41.750	41.750	41.750
2019-12-29u	1.230	5.240	5.240	-	41.750	5.240	0.210
	0.022	5.240	41.750	-	16.780	0.210	0.001
	41.750	99.450	99.450	41.750	-	99.450	16.780
2019-12-29d	5.240	41.750	41.750	41.750	-	41.750	0.022
	0.210	78.690	99.450	16.780	-	5.240	0.001
	41.750	78.690	78.690	41.750	99.450	-	16.780
2020-01-10u	16.780	78.690	78.690	5.240	41.750	-	0.022
	16.780	41.750	1.230	0.210	5.240	-	0.001
	16.780	16.780	16.780	41.750	16.780	16.780	-
2020-01-14u	0.001	0.022	0.022	0.210	0.022	0.022	-
	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	0.001	-

起降阶段（年-月-日）	2021-01-02u	2021-01-08u	2021-01-08d	2021-01-09u	2021-02-01u	2021-02-28u	2021-02-28d
2021-01-02u	-	99.450	78.690	78.690	16.780	41.750	99.450
	-	41.750	16.780	16.780	5.240	5.240	78.690
	-	0.020	0.001	5.240	1.230	0.001	0.001
2021-01-08u	99.450	-	78.690	78.690	16.780	16.780	99.450
	41.750	-	78.690	41.750	1.230	5.240	41.750
	0.020	-	41.750	5.240	78.690	0.210	0.001
2021-01-08d	78.690	78.690	-	100.000	16.780	5.240	78.690
	16.780	78.690	-	78.690	1.230	5.240	16.780
	0.001	41.750	-	0.210	5.240	0.210	0.210
2021-01-09u	78.690	78.690	100.000	-	16.780	5.240	78.690
	16.780	41.750	78.690	-	1.230	5.240	16.780
	5.240	5.240	0.210	-	16.780	0.001	0.001
2021-02-01u	16.780	16.780	16.780	16.780	-	16.780	16.780
	5.240	1.230	1.230	1.230	-	1.230	1.230
	1.230	78.690	5.240	16.780	-	0.001	0.001
2021-02-28u	41.750	16.780	5.240	5.240	16.780	-	16.780
	5.240	5.240	5.240	5.240	1.230	-	16.780
	0.001	0.210	0.210	0.001	0.001	-	16.780
2021-02-28d	99.450	99.450	78.690	78.690	16.780	16.780	-
	78.690	41.750	16.780	16.780	1.230	16.780	-
	0.001	0.001	0.210	0.001	0.001	16.780	-

吐鲁番和若羌冬季气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测分析

Aircraft observation and analysis of vertical distribution of aerosols in winter in Turpan and Ruoqiang

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