灾区恢复重建后效评估研究进展

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.05.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着全球变化加剧，世界各地自然灾害的频发，国际社会为应对自然灾害进行了不懈努力，历届世界减灾大会不断强调对应急管理全流程的研究，恢复重建作为应急管理的重要环节而得到广泛重视。积极开展灾区恢复重建后效评估有利于保障灾区恢复重建实施与区域可持续发展。灾区恢复重建后效评估研究时间较短，首先比较分析了国内外恢复重建的内涵，明确了恢复重建后效评估的基本概念，并梳理了灾区恢复重建后效评估的在中国的发展演变。由于灾区恢复重建内容复杂多样，本文结合灾区恢复重建后效评估的发展历程、研究范围与关注时段，分别从项目、要素与可持续性三个关键视角对后效评估的理论方法等展开评述，结果表明：（1）项目后效评估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中起步较早，现有评估多集中于居民住房、基础设施、公共设施等工程质量的评估，但缺乏对项目设计过程中社会居民参与度、公众满意度以及社会经济效益等的评估。（2）要素后效评估在灾区恢复重建后效评估中涉及范围最广，具体包括社会、经济与环境等要素，这些要素的评估受政策绩效影响较大，后期需要构建综合的评估体系以开展科学评估。（3）可持续性后效评估以联合国可持续发展目标与地方国民经济与社会发展计划为基础构建评估框架，有利于促进灾区的可持续发展。通过综合分析《仙台减轻灾害风险框架》中“重建的更好”(BBB)理念，联合国可持续发展目标（SDGs）以及《巴黎协定》适应全球变化等诉求，结合当前灾区恢复重建后效评估现状进行展望，以期为灾区恢复重建与可持续发展提供一个更为系统、综合的技术参考。

关键词: 自然灾害, 恢复重建, 后效评估, 防灾减灾, 可持续发展目标

Abstract: With the intensification of climate change and frequent occurrence of natural disasters around the world, the international community has made unremitting efforts in disaster response. Previous World Conferences on Disaster Reduction have continually emphasized research on the emergency management process, and relevant research on recovery and reconstruction of disaster areas has also received extensive attention. It is helpful to carry out post evaluation of disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts to ensure the implementation of the recovery and reconstruction and sustainable development of the region. The history of research on post evaluation of disaster recovery and reconstruction is relatively short. Through a comparative analysis of the connotation of recovery and reconstruction at home and abroad, this studyclarified basic concepts and sorted out the evolution of post evolution in China. Because of the complex and diverse content in this area, this article reviews theoretical methods of post evaluation from three key perspectives: project, elements, and sustainability. The review found the following: (1) Project after- effect evaluation started earlier in the evaluation of after- effect recovery and reconstruction. The existing assessments focus primarily on evaluating the engineering quality of residential housing, infrastructure, and public facilities; however, focuson public participation in project design, resident satisfaction evaluation, socioeconomic benefits, and other aspects remain lacking. (2) The post evaluation of elements is most extensive in the post evaluation of disaster recovery and reconstruction, including social, economic, and environmental elements, which is greatly affected by policy performance. Thus, we must build a comprehensive evaluation system to conduct scientific evaluation in later stages. (3) The post evaluation of sustainability must develop an evaluation framework based on sustainable development goals (SDGs) and local and national economic and social development plans.Such a framework would be conducive to promoting sustainable development in disaster areas. Through a comprehensive analysis of the“build back better”concept in the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030, SDGs, and the Paris Agreement to adapt to global changes, combined with the current status of disaster recovery and reconstruction post evaluation,the goal is to provide a more systematic and comprehensive technical reference for formulating and implementing disaster recovery and reconstruction policies and sustainable development in disaster areas.

Key words: natural disasters, recovery and reconstruction, post evaluation, disaster prevention and reduction, Sustainable Development Goals

赵亮, 何凡能, 杨帆 . 灾区恢复重建后效评估研究进展[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(5): 1337-1347.

ZHAO Liang, HE Fanneng, YANG Fan. Review on the post evaluation of recovery and reconstruction in disaster areas[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(5): 1337-1347.

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