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干旱区地理 ›› 2020, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (5): 1179-1191.doi: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2020.05.03

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多源降水数据的小流域水文模拟效用评估

冯克鹏 1, 3, 5， 洪 阳 2， 田军仓 1, 3, 5， 唐国强 4， 阚光远 4， 罗翔宇 2   

  1. 1 宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院，宁夏 银川 750021； 2 School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA； 3 宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究 中心,宁夏 银川 750021； 4 清华大学水沙科学与水利水电工程国家重点实验室 北京 100084； 5 旱区现代农业水资源高效利用教育部工程研究中心，宁夏 银川 750021
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-28 修回日期:2020-04-10 出版日期:2020-09-25 发布日期:2020-09-25
  • 作者简介:冯克鹏，男，宁夏银川人，副教授，博士，主要从事气候变化与水文水资源研究. E-mail: fengkp@nxu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划课题（2018YFC0408104）；国家自然科学基金项目（51869024）；宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划重大科技项目 （2018BBF02022）；宁夏高等科学研究项目（NGY2020066）

Evaluating runoff simulation of multi-source precipitation data in small watersheds

FENG Ke-peng1, 3, 5, HONG Yang 2, TIAN Jun-cang1, 3, 5, TANG Guo-qiang4, KAN Guang-yuan4, LUO Xiang-yu2   

  1. 1 School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; 2 School of Civil Engineering and Environmental Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73072, USA; 3 Ningxia Research Center of Technology on Water-saving Irrigation and Water Resources Regulation, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; 4 State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084 China; 5 Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Water Resources in Modern Agriculture in Arid Regions, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China
  • Received:2019-12-28 Revised:2020-04-10 Online:2020-09-25 Published:2020-09-25

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摘要： 小流域是研究小微尺度水文水资源系统演变规律的理想对象，是用于计算河流产水产沙 的最小单元，是水文及水土流失研究与管理的最佳地域尺度。通过遥感技术，气候模式获得降水 数据，并驱动分布式水文模型，模拟和预测水文过程，是流域水文水资源研究的必然趋势。以 NO? AA-CPC-US 降水作为参照，在美国不同地区的 9 个小流域，评估卫星降水产品 PERSIANN，PERSI? ANN-CDR，TRMM-3B42V7，GPM-IMERG，雷达降水 StageIV 以及气候模式 ERA5 降水产品的精度， 并用这 7 种降水产品驱动 CREST 分布式水文模型，评估了 7 种降水产品的水文模拟效用。研究表 明：各降水产品与 NOAA-CPC-US 降水吻合程度从高到低，依次是 StageIV 雷达降水，PERSIANN- CDR 和 GPM-IMERG 次之，再次是 PERSIANN 和 ERA5，最后是 TRMM-3B42V7。各降水产品在美 国北部高纬度地区和西部山地等区域的小流域降水估算精度略低，在美国中部，南部，东部的小流 域有较好的降水精度。在水文模拟效用评估中，设定相同率定期，分别使用 7 种降水产品率定 CREST 模型参数，得到率定参数集后，在相同验证期对流域日径流过程进行模拟。结果表明：NO? AA-CPC-US 和 Stage IV 雷达降水在各小流域水文模拟中效果较好，在美国北部和西部地区，使用 PERSIANN，PERSIANN- CDR，GPM- IMERG，ERA5 降 水 进 行 水 文 模 拟 时 需 要 谨 慎 。 TRMM- 3B42V7 的小流域水文模拟效果不理想。

关键词: 小流域, CREST 水文模型, 多源降水, 水文模拟

Abstract: Small watersheds are ideal objects for studying the evolution of small and microscale hydrology and water resources systems. A small watershed is the smallest unit for calculating river water and sediment production and is the best regional scale for hydrology and soil erosion research and management. Through RS technology, a climate model obtains precipitation estimation data and drives a distributed hydrological model to simulate and predict hydrological processes, which clarifies the inevitable trends of basin hydrology and water resources research. Using NOAA- CPC- US precipitation data as a reference, an analysis of the PERSIANN, PERSIANN- CDR, TRMM- 3B42V7, GPM- IMERG, StageIV, and ERA5 precipitation data products were compared for nine small watersheds in different regions of the United States. The accuracy of theseseven precipitation products allowed them to drive the CREST distributed hydrological model, which evaluated the hydrological simulation effects of the precipitation products. The study shows that the NOAA- CPC- US precipitation data product is the highest, followed in decreasing order by StageIV, PERSIANN-CDR,GPM-IMERG, PERSIANN,ERA5, and TRMM- 3B42V7. The precipitation estimation accuracy of each precipitation product in the small watersheds in the high latitudes and western mountains of the northern United States is lower; however, there is better precipitation accuracy in small watersheds in the central, southern, and eastern parts of the United States. In the hydrological simulation utility evaluation, the CREST model parameters were determined using seven kinds of precipitation products, respectively. After obtaining the set of parameters, the daily runoff process of the basin was simulated for the same verification period. The comparison results show that NOAA-CPC-US and StageIV have better effects on the hydrological simulation of small watersheds. However, caution should be exercised in hydrological simulations in the northern and western parts of the United States using PERSIANN, PERSIANN- CDR, GPM- IMERG, and ERA5 precipitation data, and the TRMM-3B42V7 simulation effect is not ideal.

Key words: Small Watersheds, CREST, Multi-source precipitation, Hydrological Simulation