祁连山北麓荒漠草原5种优势植物生物量与土壤养分特征
收稿日期: 2023-06-09
修回日期: 2023-07-26
网络出版日期: 2024-05-17
基金资助
武威市重点研发科技项目(WW2002YFS008);甘肃省科技计划项目(22JR5RA1057);中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(23ZYQH0298)
Biomass and soil nutrient characteristics of five dominant plant species in the desert grassland of the northern foothills of the Qilian Mountains
Received date: 2023-06-09
Revised date: 2023-07-26
Online published: 2024-05-17
为明晰荒漠草原优势植物的植物生物量与土壤养分关系，研究选取祁连山北麓肃北区域荒漠草原骆驼蓬（Peganum harmala）、狗尾草（Setaria viridis）、中华羊茅（Festuca sinensis）、碱茅（Puccinellia distans）和冰草（Agropyron cristatum）5种优势植物，测定该其生物量和根际土壤养分，探究其植物生物量分配及其与土壤养分间的关系。结果表明：（1） 5种优势植物间总生物量和根冠比差异显著（P<0.05），骆驼蓬总生物量最高，碱茅最低。多年生的骆驼蓬、碱茅、中华羊茅和冰草植物生物量大部分集中在地下，一年生的狗尾草植物生物量大部分集中在地上，不同植物间根冠比大小为：碱茅>冰草>中华羊茅>骆驼蓬>狗尾草。（2） 5种植物根际土壤有机碳、碱解氮、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾及其化学计量特征均存在显著差异（P<0.05），5种植物根际间土壤碳氮比大小为碱茅>狗尾草>冰草>骆驼蓬>中华羊茅。（3） 不同植物生物量、根冠比及土壤养分变异性不一致，骆驼蓬、狗尾草和中华羊茅的根际土壤全钾与碱茅和冰草的根际土壤含水量等均为弱变异，而土壤养分及其化学计量特征为中等变异。5种优势植物的生物量与根际土壤碱解氮和全钾呈正相关性（P<0.05）。可见荒漠草原生态系统中植物生物量分配和根际土壤养分在生活史和物种间的差异较大，今后应根据不同优势植物养分需求，合理施肥来修复退化的荒漠生态系统。
张志明 , 孙小妹 , 包段红 , 姚宝辉 , 王志成 , 苏军虎 . 祁连山北麓荒漠草原5种优势植物生物量与土壤养分特征[J]. 干旱区地理, 2024 , 47(4) : 662 -671 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000－6060.2023.272
To clarify the relationship between plant biomass and soil nutrients of dominant plants in desert grasslands, this study selected five dominant plant species: Peganum harmala, Setaria viridis, Festuca sinensis, Puccinellia distans, and Agropyron cristatum. We measured their biomass and root-zone soil nutrients to explore biomass allocation and its relationship with soil nutrients. The results are as follows: (1) There were significant differences in total biomass and root-shoot ratio among the five dominant plant species (P<0.05), with Peganum harmala having the highest total biomass and Puccinellia distans having the lowest. The perennial plants Peganum harmala, Puccinellia distans, Festuca sinensis, and Agropyron cristatum had most of their biomass allocated below ground, whereas the annual plant Setaria viridis had most of its biomass above ground. The order of root-shoot ratio among the five plants was as follows: Puccinellia distans>Agropyron cristatum>Festuca sinensis>Peganum harmala>Setaria viridis. (2) There were significant differences (P<0.05) in root-zone soil organic carbon, available nitrogen, available potassium, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and their stoichiometric characteristics among the five plant species. The order of soil C:N ratio among the five plants was as follows: Puccinellia distans>Setaria viridis>Agropyron cristatum>Peganum harmala>Festuca sinensis. (3) Variations in plant biomass, root-shoot ratio, and soil nutrients varied among the plants. The root-zone soil total potassium of Peganum harmala, Setaria viridis, and Festuca sinensis and the root-zone soil moisture of Puccinellia distans and Agropyron cristatum exhibited weak variation, whereas the other plant characteristics, soil nutrients, and stoichiometric characteristics exhibited moderate variation. The biomass of the five dominant plant species exhibited a positive correlation with the root-zone soil available nitrogen and total potassium (P<0.05). The allocation of plant biomass and soil nutrient composition significantly vary among different species and life histories in the desert grassland ecosystem. In the future, it will be necessary to restore degraded desert ecosystems by applying appropriate fertilization based on the nutrient requirements of different dominant plant species.
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