新疆喀什河流域水化学时空变化特征及灌溉适应性评价
收稿日期: 2022-06-10
修回日期: 2022-08-27
网络出版日期: 2023-04-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金(41761004)
Temporal and spatial variation characteristics of hydrochemistry and irrigation adaptability evaluation in Kashi River Basin, Xinjiang
Received date: 2022-06-10
Revised date: 2022-08-27
Online published: 2023-04-28
喀什河是伊犁河的三大支流之一,了解流域水质状况对于伊犁地区生态保护具有重要意义。通过分析喀什河流域水化学组成及其成因,并以此为基础对河流进行灌溉适宜性评价。通过2018年7月—2021年7月期间采集喀什河河水水样289组、泉水水样5组、井水水样30组,应用数理统计、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比例关系等方法,探讨了喀什河流域水化学的时空变化特征和控制因素,并采用USSL图、Wilcox图对河水进行灌溉适宜性评价。结果表明:(1)喀什河流域各水体均呈现弱碱性,井水和泉水的溶解性总固体及电导率(EC)略大于河水,各水体水化学类型均为Ca2+-HCO3-型。(2)岩石风化是流域内各水体离子来源的主要控制因素,且各水体离子来源主要受碳酸盐岩风化作用的影响。(3)河水离子质量浓度短时间序列平缓变化表明,2018—2021年干流离子浓度因冰雪融水和降水的稀释作用强弱而变化,4—7月较低,8月—次年3月较高;空间变化上离子质量浓度随海拔的增加而降低。(4)河水的水质为优秀,可直接用作灌溉用水,但2021年的EC略有上升的趋势。研究结果可为喀什河谷水资源可持续利用、科学开发治理提供依据。
张勇军 , 杨余辉 , 胡义成 , 冯先成 , 杨景燕 . 新疆喀什河流域水化学时空变化特征及灌溉适应性评价[J]. 干旱区地理, 2023 , 46(4) : 583 -594 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2022.274
The Kashi River is one of the three major tributaries of the Ili River, Xinjiang, China, and it is important to understand the water quality condition of the watershed for ecological protection in the Ili region. By analyzing the water chemistry composition of the Kashi River Basin and its causes, and using it as a basis for irrigation suitability evaluation of the river. By collecting 289 sets of water samples from the Kashi River, 5 sets of water samples from springs, and 30 sets of water samples from wells during July 2018—2021, the spatial and temporal variation characteristics and controlling factors of water chemistry in the Kashi River Basin were explored by applying mathematical statistics, Piper’s trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, and ion proportional relationship, and using USSL diagram, Wilcox diagrams were used to evaluate the suitability of river water for irrigation. The results show that: (1) All water bodies in the Kashi River Basin are weakly alkaline, the total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity (EC) of well water and spring water are slightly larger than those of river water, and the water chemistry type of each water body is Ca2+-HCO3- type. (2) Rock weathering is the main controlling factor for the ion source of each water body in the watershed, and the ion source of each water body is mainly affected by carbonate rock weathering. (3) The ion mass concentration of river water varies gently over a short time series, indicating that the ion concentration in the mainstem from 2018 to 2021 varies by the strength of the dilution effect of ice and snow melt and precipitation, being lower from April to July and higher from August to March; the ion mass concentration varies spatially with increasing elevation and the ion mass concentration decreases with the increase of elevation. (4) The water quality of the river is excellent and can be used directly as irrigation water, but the EC in 2021 has a slightly increasing trend. The results of the study can provide a basis for the sustainable use and scientific development and management of water resources in the Kashi River Valley.
[1] | 朱秉启, 杨小平. 塔克拉玛干沙漠天然水体的化学特征及其成因[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(13): 1561-1566. |
[1] | [Zhu Bingqi, Yang Xiaoping. Chemical characteristics of natural water bodies in the Taklamakan Desert and their genesis[J]. Scientific Bulletin, 2007, 52(13): 1561-1566.] |
[2] | 张嘉欣, 朱秉启. 北疆地区的水化学组成特征及其影响因素[J]. 地理研究, 2022, 41(5): 1437-1458. |
[2] | [Zhang Jiaxin, Zhu Bingqi. Hydrochemical characteristics and influencing factors in northern Xinjiang: Research progress and overview[J]. Geographical Research, 2022, 41(5): 1437-1458.] |
[3] | Shen B B, Wu J L, Zhan S, et al. Spatial variations and controls on the hydrochemistry of surface waters across the Ili-Balkhash Basin, arid Central Asia[J]. Journal of Hydrology, 2021, 600: 126565, doi: 10.1016/J.JHYDROL.2021.126565. |
[4] | 白凡, 周金龙, 曾妍妍. 吐鲁番盆地平原区地下水水化学特征及水质评价[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 419-428. |
[4] | [Bai Fan, Zhou Jinlong, Zeng Yanyan. Hydrochemical characteristics and quality of groundwater in the plains of the Turpan Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 419-428.] |
[5] | 蔺卿. 新疆水生态文明建设的水资源保护利用策略研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(5): 1483-1488. |
[5] | [Lin Qing. Water resources protection and utilization strategy for water ecological civilization construction in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(5): 1483-1488.] |
[6] | 王雨山, 郭媛, 周殷竹, 等. 基于水化学和同位素评价马莲河下游地下水补给河水的时空变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2020, 43(2): 290-298. |
[6] | [Wang Yushan, Guo Yuan, Zhou Yinzhu, et al. Quantifications of spatial and temporal variations in groundwater discharge into a river using hydrochemical and isotopic tracers[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2020, 43(2): 290-298.] |
[7] | 汪生斌, 祁泽学, 王万平, 等. 格尔木河水化学特征及成因[J]. 水资源保护, 2020, 36(5): 93-98. |
[7] | [Wang Shengbin, Qi Zexue, Wang Wanping, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and causes of formation of the Golmud River[J]. Water Resources Protection, 2020, 36(5): 93-98.] |
[8] | 任孝宗, 李建刚, 刘敏, 等. 浑善达克沙地东部地区天然水体的水化学组成及其控制因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(4): 791-800. |
[8] | [Ren Xiaozong, Li Jiangang, Liu Min, et al. Hydrochemical composition of natural waters and its affecting factors in the east Hunshandak Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(4): 791-800.] |
[9] | 张涛, 蔡五田, 李颖智, 等. 尼洋河流域水化学特征及其控制因素[J]. 环境科学, 2017, 38(11): 4537-4545. |
[9] | [Zhang Tao, Cai Wutian, Li Yingzhi, et al. Major ionic features and their possible controls in the water of the Niyang River Basin[J]. Environmental Science, 2017, 38(11): 4537-4545.] |
[10] | 孙瑞, 张雪芹, 郑度. 藏南羊卓雍错流域水化学区域差异及其成因[J]. 地理学报, 2013, 68(1): 36-44. |
[10] | [Sun Rui, Zhang Xueqin, Zheng Du. Spatial variation and its causes of water chemical property in Yamzhog Yumco Basin, south Tibet[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2013, 68(1): 36-44.] |
[11] | Wang F Q, Zhao Y, Chen X, et al. Hydrochemistry and its controlling factors of rivers in the source region of the Nujiang River on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Water, 2019, 11(10): 2166, doi: 10.3390/w11102166. |
[12] | 张杰, 周金龙, 曾妍妍, 等. 新疆叶尔羌河流域地表水水化学特征及控制因素[J]. 环境科学, 2021, 42(4): 1706-1713. |
[12] | [Zhang Jie, Zhou Jinlong, Zeng Yanyan, et al. Hydrochemical characteristic and their controlling factors in the Yarkant River Basin of Xinjiang[J]. Environmental Science, 2021, 42(4): 1706-1713.] |
[13] | 李书鉴, 韩晓, 王文辉, 等. 无定河流域地表水地下水的水化学特征及控制因素[J]. 环境科学, 2022, 43(1): 220-229. |
[13] | [Li Shujian, Han Xiao, Wang Wenhui, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and controlling factors of surface water and groundwater in Wuding River Basin[J]. Environmental Science, 2022, 43(1): 220-229.] |
[14] | 艾力哈木·艾克拉木, 周金龙, 张杰, 等. 伊犁河谷西北部地下水化学特征及成因分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 504-512. |
[14] | [Aikelamu Ailihamu, Zhou Jinlong, Zhang Jie, et al. Chemical characteristics and genesis analysis of groundwater in northwest Yili River Valley[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 504-512.] |
[15] | 玛尔胡拜·牙生, 马龙, 吉力力·阿不都外力, 等. 新疆天山西段夏季河流水化学特征及其影响因素研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 600-609. |
[15] | [Yasheng Maerhubai, Ma Long, Abuduwaili Jilili, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and their influence on rivers in the western part of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 600-609.] |
[16] | 田原, 余成群, 查欣洁, 等. 青藏高原西部、南部和东北部边界地区天然水的水化学性质及其成因[J]. 地理学报, 2019, 74(5): 975-991. |
[16] | [Tian Yuan, Yu Chengqun, Zha Xinjie, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and factors controlling of natural water in the western, southern, and northeastern border areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2019, 74(5): 975-991.] |
[17] | 王成虎, 张彦山, 熊玉珍, 等. 喀什河水电站工程区构造稳定性研究[J]. 地质力学学报, 2008, 14(2): 135-140. |
[17] | [Wang Chenghu, Zhang Yanshan, Xiong Yuzhen, et al. Tectonic stability analysis of the Kax River hydroelectric project area[J]. Journal of Geomechanics, 2008, 14(2): 135-140.] |
[18] | Kamidis N, Koutrakis E, Sapounidis A, et al. Impact of river damming on downstream hydrology and hydrochemistry: The case of lower Nestos River Catchment[J]. Water, 2021, 13(20): 2832, doi: 10.3390/W13202832. |
[19] | 王万发, 钟君, 李彩, 等. 喀斯特地区梯级水库建造对水化学分布的影响[J]. 湖泊科学, 2020, 32(3): 713-725. |
[19] | [Wang Wanfa, Zhong Jun, Li Cai, et al. The influence of cascade reservoir construction on water chemistry distribution in Karst area[J]. Journal of Lake Sciences, 2020, 32(3): 713-725.] |
[20] | 安成邦, 张曼, 王伟, 等. 新疆地理环境特征以及农牧格局的形成[J]. 中国科学: 地球科学, 2020, 50(2): 295-304. |
[20] | [An Chengbang, Zhang Man, Wang Wei, et al. The pattern of Xinjiang physical geography and its relationship with the temporal-spatial distribution of agriculture and husbandry[J]. Scientia Sinica (Terrae), 2020, 50(2): 295-304.] |
[21] | 王姣妍. 气候变化对天山西部哈什河径流变化过程的影响分析[J]. 冰川冻土, 2011, 33(5): 1153-1160. |
[21] | [Wang Jiaojiao. Impacts of climate change on runoff process of Khash River in western Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 2011, 33(5): 1153-1160.] |
[22] | 曾康康, 杨余辉, 胡义成, 等. 喀什河流域降水同位素特征及水汽来源分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(5): 1263-1273. |
[22] | [Zeng Kangkang, Yang Yuhui, Hu Yicheng, et al. Isotopic characteristics and water vapor sources of precipitation in the Kashi River Basin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(5): 1263-1273.] |
[23] | 石仁娜·加汗. 喀什河流域不同海拔雪岭云杉树轮气候响应特征研究[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆大学, 2021. |
[23] | [Jiahan Shirenna. Study on the response of Picea schrenkiana to climate at different altitudes in Kashi River Basin[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang University, 2021.] |
[24] | 周永超. 天山西部喀什河流域积雪覆盖时空变化及其对气温、降水的响应[D]. 乌鲁木齐: 新疆师范大学, 2019. |
[24] | [Zhou Yongchao. Temporal and spatial variation of snow cover and its response to temperature and precipitation in the Kashi River Basin in the western Tianshan Mountains[D]. Urumqi: Xinjiang Normal University, 2019.] |
[25] | Piper A M. A graphic procedure in the geochemical interpretation of water-analyses[J]. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 1944, 25(6): 914-928. |
[26] | Gibbs R J. Mechanisms controlling world water chemistry[J]. Science, 1970, 170(3962): 1088-1090. |
[27] | Ismail A H, Hassan G, Sarhan A H. Hydrochemistry of shallow groundwater and its assessment for drinking and irrigation purposes in Tarmiah district, Baghdad governorate, Iraq[J]. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 2020, 10: 100300, doi: 10.1016/j.gsd.2019.100300. |
[28] | 任孝宗, 杨小平. 鄂尔多斯沙区天然水体水化学组成及其成因[J]. 地理学报, 2021, 76(9): 2224-2239. |
[28] | [Ren Xiaozong, Yang Xiaoping. Hydrochemical compositions of natural waters in Ordos Deserts and their influencing factors[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2021, 76(9): 2224-2239.] |
[29] | 戴国祥. 灌溉用水水质评价[J]. 新疆环境保护, 1979(2): 46-56. |
[29] | [Dai Guoxiang. Irrigation water quality evaluation[J]. Environmental Protection of Xinjiang, 1979(2): 46-56.] |
[30] | 刘兵. 伊犁河水化学特征及影响因素分析[D]. 廊坊: 防灾科技学院, 2021. |
[30] | [Liu Bing. Chemical characteristics of Yili River and analysis of its influencing factors[D]. Langfang: College of Disaster Prevention Technology, 2021.] |
[31] | 葛文辉. 浅谈伊犁喀什河下游灌区弯道式引水枢纽工程[J]. 内蒙古水利, 2015(4): 31-33. |
[31] | [Ge Wenhui. Talking about the bend type water diversion hub project in the downstream irrigation area of Ili Kashi River[J]. Inner Mongolia Water Resources, 2015(4): 31-33.] |
[32] | 杨景燕, 杨余辉, 胡义成, 等. 新疆伊犁喀什河流域地表水水化学特征及控制因素[J]. 环境化学, 2021, 40(12): 3815-3827. |
[32] | [Yang Jingyan, Yang Yuhui, Hu Yicheng, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and possible controls of the surface water in Kashi River Basin, Ili, Xinjiang[J]. Environmental Chemistry, 2021, 40(12): 3815-3827.] |
[33] | 曹晏风, 张明军, 瞿德业, 等. 祁连山东端地表及地下水水化学时空变化特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 2020, 40(4): 1667-1676. |
[33] | [Cao Yanfeng, Zhang Mingjun, Qu Deye, et al. Temporal-spatial variation of surface and undergroundwater chemistry in the eastern part of Qilian Mountains[J]. China Environmental Science, 2020, 40(4): 1667-1676.] |
[34] | 张旺, 王殿武, 雷坤, 等. 黄河中下游丰水期水化学特征及影响因素[J]. 水土保持研究, 2020, 27(1): 380-386, 393. |
[34] | [Zhang Wang, Wang Dianwu, Lei Kun, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and impact factors in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in the wet season[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2020, 27(1): 380-386, 393.] |
[35] | 沈贝贝, 吴敬禄, 吉力力·阿不都外力, 等. 巴尔喀什湖流域水化学和同位素空间分布及环境特征[J]. 环境科学, 2020, 41(1): 173-182. |
[35] | [Shen Beibei, Wu Jinglu, Abuduwaili Jilili, et al. Hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics of the Lake Balkhash Catchment, Kazakhstan[J]. Environmental Science, 2020, 41(1): 173-182.] |
[36] | 王晓艳. 陕西黑河流域地下水水化学特征[J]. 中国沙漠, 2019, 39(4): 168-176. |
[36] | [Wang Xiaoyan. Hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Heihe River Basin, Shaanxi, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2019, 39(4): 168-176.] |
[37] | 丁启振, 雷米, 周金龙, 等. 博尔塔拉河上游河谷地区水化学特征及水质评价[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(3): 829-840. |
[37] | [Ding Qizhen, Lei Mi, Zhou Jinlong, et al. An assessment of groundwater, surface water, and hydrochemical characteristics in the upper valley of the Bortala River[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 829-840.] |
[38] | Zhang B, Song X, Zhang Y, et al. Hydrochemical characteristics and water quality assessment of surface water and groundwater in Songnen Plain, northeast China[J]. Water Research, 2012, 46(8): 2737-2748. |
[39] | Ravikumar P, Somashekar R K, Angami M. Hydrochemistry and evaluation of groundwater suitability for irrigation and drinking purposes in the Markandeya River Basin, Belgaum District, Karnataka State, India[J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011, 173(1): 459-487. |
[40] | Wilcox L V. Classification and use of irrigation waters[M]. Washington US: Department of Agriculture, 1955. |
/
〈 | 〉 |