深入研究黄河流域霜冻演变规律，可为科学防范霜冻危害，促进气候资源合理开发利用提供依据。基于1960—2020年黄河流域83个气象站点统计资料，采用Mann-Kendall突变检验、Morlet小波分析和相关分析等方法，对黄河流域霜冻日期时空变化特征及其影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：（1） 1960—2020年黄河流域平均初霜日期为10月8日，终霜日期为4月30日，平均无霜期161 d。61 a来初霜日以2.51 d·(10a)^-1的速率推迟、终霜日以-2.07 d·(10a)^-1的速率提前，无霜期以4.48 d·(10a)^-1的速率显著延长。20世纪70年代初霜日最早，终霜日最晚，无霜期最短，21世纪10年代初霜日最晚，终霜日最早，无霜期最长。（2） 小波分析表明，黄河流域初、终霜日和无霜期均存在28 a左右的主周期变化。初霜日于2002年发生突变，终霜日于2000年突变，无霜期突变发生于2001年。（3） 从空间分布来看，由上游、中游到下游地区初霜日逐渐延迟，终霜日逐渐提前，无霜期日数逐渐延长。初霜日在流域各地均呈推迟趋势，终霜日仅在西南部合作、久治站呈推迟趋势，无霜期在各地均呈延长趋势，下游地区初霜日和无霜期变化幅度最大。（4） 黄河流域初、终霜日和无霜期主要受海拔高度和日平均气温的影响。

The study of the evolution characteristics of frost in the Yellow River Basin provides a basis for scientifically preventing frost hazards, promoting rational development, and use of climate resources. Based on the statistical data from 83 meteorological stations in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to 2020, the Mann-Kendall mutation test, Morlet wavelet analysis, and correlation analysis were used to analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes and influencing factors of frost date in the Yellow River Basin. The results showed that: (1) the average first frost date in the Yellow River Basin was October 8, the last frost date was April 30, and the average frost-free period was 161 days from 1960 to 2020. In the past 61 years, the first frost day was postponed at a rate of 2.51 days·(10a)^-1, the last frost day was advanced at a rate of −2.07 days·(10a)^-1, and the frost-free period was significantly prolonged at a rate of 4.48 days·(10a)^-1. In the 1970s, the first frost day was the earliest, the last frost day was the latest, and the frost-free period was the shortest. In 2010, the first frost day was the latest, the last frost day was the earliest, and the frost-free period was the longest. (2) Wavelet analysis showed that the first and last frost days and frost-free periods had a main period of about 28 a in the Yellow River Basin. The first frost day suddenly changed in 2002, the last frost day suddenly changed in 2000, and the frost-free period suddenly changed in 2001. (3) In terms of spatial distribution, from the upper to the middle and lower reaches, the first, the last frost dates and the frost-free period were gradually delayed, advanced, and extended, respectively. The first frost day was delayed in all parts of the basin, the last frost day was delayed only in Hezuo and Jiuzhi stations in the southwest, and the frost-free period was prolonged in all parts of the basin, the variation range of the first frost date and frost-free period in the lower reaches was the largest. (4) The first and last frost days and frost-free periods in the Yellow River Basin were mainly affected by altitude and the average temperature.