黄河流域是中国重要的能源安全支撑区,也是保障国土生态安全的关键区域,煤炭资源开发与生态保护的协调发展对于统筹流域能源安全与生态安全具有重要现实意义。在识别黄河流域重要生态保护空间的基础上,提出空间胁迫指数概念,以矿区和50 m×50 m栅格为基础分析单元,解析黄河流域煤炭矿区对重要生态保护空间的胁迫现状及2012—2019年胁迫指数变化的时空格局,以期为黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展提供决策参考。结果表明：（1） 煤炭矿区对黄河流域重要生态保护空间的胁迫程度总体较低,2019年空间胁迫指数仅为1.01%,但2012—2019年呈小幅上升趋势,面临胁迫的生态环境因子以土壤保持、防风固沙功能区和土壤侵蚀、沙漠化敏感区为主。（2） 煤炭矿区对重要生态保护空间的胁迫指数呈现较明显的空间分异特征,2019年胁迫程度较高的地区主要分布在黄土高原和鲁西地区,河南、秦岭一带、青海、宁夏南部以及内蒙古（除鄂尔多斯和乌海）胁迫程度总体较轻。（3） 流域整体空间胁迫指数的上升主要是由局部地区煤炭矿区与重要生态保护空间重叠面积的较快增加造成的,大部分地市胁迫程度下降,其中8个地市煤炭矿区全部退出了重要生态保护空间。

The Yellow River Basin is an important region for the energy supply of China and key for national ecological security. Coordination of coal resource development and ecological protection is essential to ensure energy and ecological security. Scholars in the fields of resources, environment, geology, and minerals have conducted several studies on the development of the coal industry and ecological environment in the Yellow River Basin. However, there is a lack of analysis on the coordinated development and change in coal resource development and ecological protection from the spatial stress perspective. Based on the key ecological protection area identification in the Yellow River Basin, the concept of spatial stress index was introduced. The mining sites and 50 m×50 m grid were taken as the basic unit of stress status analysis for the coal mine sites inside the key ecological protection areas in the Yellow River Basin. The space-time pattern of stress index development from 2012 to 2019 was analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) The stress degree of coal mining sites on the important ecological protection space of the Yellow River Basin is low, but the spatial differentiation characteristics are obvious. In 2019, the overall spatial stress index of the basin was only 1.01%, but it showed a slight upward trend from 2012 to 2019. The areas with a high-stress degree are mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau and western Shandong. However, the stress index in Henan, Qinling area, Qinghai, southern Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia (except Ordos and Wuhai) is relatively low. (2) The major ecological environment factors under stress include soil conservation, wind prevention, sand fixation function areas, soil erosion, and desertification sensitive areas. The stress degree of important soil conservation functional and soil erosion sensitive areas is the highest, followed by important wind prevention, sand fixation functional areas, and desertification sensitive areas. The stress from 2012 to 2019 is further enhanced. Important water conservation, biodiversity maintenance, protection functional areas, and salinization sensitive areas are less stressed. Almost all coal mining sites withdrew from important water conservation and biodiversity maintenance and protection functional areas in 2019. (3) The overall stress index rise across the Yellow River Basin is mainly caused by the rapid increase in overlapping between coal mine sites and key ecological protection areas. In most cities, the stress index drops, mainly distributed in southern Qinghai, Gansu, western Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, western Henan, southern Henan, Shandong, and Qinling areas. Coal mining is completely withdrawn from the key ecological protection areas in eight cities. More cities have considered the important ecological protection space in the region when withdrawing or increasing coal mining sites.