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2022 , Vol. 45 >Issue 2: 325 - 332

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.294

气候与水文

基于生态恢复的阿克苏河流域生态输水调度优化研究

  • 聂艳 ,
  • 郭永瑞 ,
  • 谭盈 ,
  • 黄卫东 ,
  • 刘新华
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  • 1.华中师范大学地理过程分析与模拟湖北省重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430079
    2.中国城市规划设计研究院深圳分院,广东 深圳 518000
    3.新疆维吾尔自治区塔里木河流域阿克苏管理局,新疆 阿克苏 841000
聂艳（1977-）,男,副教授,主要从事自然资源评价、土壤生态研究. E-mail: nieyan@ccnu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2021-06-28

  修回日期: 2021-09-28

  网络出版日期: 2022-04-02

基金资助

国家自然科学基金(41401232);塔里木河流域阿克苏管理局课题资助(TGJAKSJJG-2019KYXM0002)

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Operation optimization of ecological water conveyance in Aksu River Basin based on ecological restoration

  • Yan NIE ,
  • Yongrui GUO ,
  • Ying TAN ,
  • Weidong HUANG ,
  • Xinhua LIU
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  • 1. Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Geographical Process Analysis and Simulation, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China
    2. Shenzhen Branch of China Academy of Urban Planning and Design Institute, Shenzhen 518000, Guangdong, China
    3. Aksu Administration Bureau of Tarim River Basin of Xinjiang, Aksu 841000, Xinjiang, China

Received date: 2021-06-28

  Revised date: 2021-09-28

  Online published: 2022-04-02

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摘要

生态输水调度是生态保护和恢复最有效的措施之一,实施生态输水对恢复干旱半干旱地区天然生态系统、维护绿洲生态系统健康具有重要意义。结合阿克苏河流域生态输水现状,在识别自然植被重点区和估算生态需水的基础上,建立了基于生态恢复目标的流域生态输水调度优化框架。首先采用高分系列影像识别自然植被信息,建立阿克苏河流域2015—2020年自然植被数据集,逐像元统计自然植被出现频次确定了艾希曼湖湿地区、第一师边缘胡杨林区、五团边缘胡杨林区3个自然植被重点区,面积达1257.69 km2;借助面积定额法和水量平衡法估算3个自然植被重点区的生态输水量分别为1.53×108 m3、2.73×108 m3、1.14×108 m3;确定了流域生态输水的最佳时间为5—9月,单次或2次进行生态输水,建议单次生态输水量大于0.2×108 m3且输水天数大于10 d;渠系网络分析显示3个自然植被重点区设置的8个输水口可以作为今后生态输水路径的参考。研究结果对阿克苏河流域生态输水调度、生态用水精细管理等具有重要的指导价值。

关键词： 生态输水; 路径优化; 生态恢复; 阿克苏河流域

本文引用格式

聂艳 , 郭永瑞 , 谭盈 , 黄卫东 , 刘新华 . 基于生态恢复的阿克苏河流域生态输水调度优化研究[J]. 干旱区地理, 2022 , 45(2) : 325 -332 . DOI: 10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.294

Abstract

Ecological operation is one of the most effective measures for ecological restoration and protection. Natural vegetation or lake is an essential part of the terrestrial ecosystem, and ecological water demand is an important foundation for the health of oasis ecosystems in arid and semi-arid regions. Therefore, it is essential to conduct ecological water conveyance projects to recover and maintain ecosystem health. In this study, combined with the current situation of ecological water conveyance in the Aksu River Basin, southern Xinjiang, China, the optimization framework of ecological water conveyance in the Aksu River Basin was established by identifying the key natural vegetation regions and estimating ecological water demand. First, the GF-1 image was used to identify the natural vegetation information, and the natural vegetation dataset of the Aksu River Basin from 2015 to 2020 was established. The occurrence frequency was counted pixel by pixel, and three key natural vegetation regions were obtained. They are Eichmann Lake Wetland, Populus euphratica forest region on the edge of the first division, and the Populus euphratica forest region on the edge of Wutuan. The total area reaches 1257.69 km 2. The area quota method and water balance method were used to estimate the amount of ecological water demand. The results show that the ecological water demand of the three key natural vegetation regions is 1.53×108 m3, 2.73×108 m3, and 1.14×108 m3, respectively. Based on the monthly distribution of ecological water stock in the basin and the seasonal changes in water demand for natural vegetation growth, the best time for ecological water conveyance is from May to September. The single or two water conveyance jobs can be conducted in a year, suggesting that the single ecological water conveyance volume should be more than 0.2×108 m3. Additionally, the water conveyance days should be more than ten days. The analysis of the canal network suggests setting up a new ecological water conveyance path with eight ecological water gates of three key natural vegetation regions. This research can provide the basis for the rational allocation of water resources in the Aksu River Basin. It can also provide a valuable reference for restoring and reconstructing surrounding vegetation in the Aksu River Basin.

Key words： ecological water conveyance; operation optimization; ecological restoration; Aksu River Basin

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