乌海至玛沁高速公路中卫段风沙环境特征及沙害防治

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.04.11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

乌玛高速公路是《国家公路网规划》中内蒙古乌海至青海玛沁高速公路的简称,对宁夏自治区沿黄经济带发展有着重要意义。通过野外观测和实地考察,对乌玛高速公路腾格里沙漠段风能环境、沙丘类型、地表沉积物进行分析。研究表明：观测期间年平均风速2.86 m·s^-1,大于起沙风年均风速为6.23 m·s^-1;起沙风以5~9 m·s^-1为主,占比达96.36%;主导风向为NW-NNW和E-ESE。沿公路自NE向SW方向,输沙势和最大可能输沙量呈减小趋势。公路两侧沙丘以流动沙丘为主,沙丘类型包括格状沙丘和线性沙垄等。在风力作用下,格状沙丘主梁沿NE-SW延伸,沙丘高度自NE向SW方向呈增高趋势。公路沿线沙丘表层沉积物以中沙和细沙为主,分选性较好,偏度为正偏或极正偏,中等和宽峰态分布。

关键词: 起沙风, 输沙势, 格状沙丘, 乌玛高速公路

Abstract:

The Wuhai-Maqin Highway is of great significance to the formation of urban agglomerations and regional economic development in northwest China. To prevent the highway from being threatened by wind-sand hazards, field observations and investigations of aeolian environments, dune types and their distribution rules, and the characteristics of the surface sediment along the Wuhai-Maqin Highway were conducted. During the observational period, the results show that the average annual wind speed was 2.86 m·s^-1. The annual value of the sand-drifting wind was 6.23 m·s^-1. The major directions were NW-NNW and E-ESE. From northeast to southwest, the sand transport potential and maximum possible sand transport show a decreasing trend but still belong to low wind energy environments. All the dunes in the plots were mobile dunes, except in plot 5, where the dunes were fixed. The type of dunes was primarily grid dunes. Under the action of wind, the main beams of the grid dunes primarily extend NE-SW. Moreover, from the northeast to the southwest, the height of the typical dunes increase as a result of the altitude and local environment. The grain sizes of the surface sediments of the dunes in the study area correspond primarily to medium and fine sands, with good sorting properties. The skewness is positive or extremely positive, and the kurtosis is medium and broad. Based on the above results, a comprehensive protection system of “six belts in one” is proposed to ensure the safe operation of the Wuhai-Maqin Highway.

Key words: sand-drifting wind, drift potential, grid dunes, Wuhai-Maqin Highway

张克存,安志山,何明珠,张凌云,王金国,侯永刚. 乌海至玛沁高速公路中卫段风沙环境特征及沙害防治[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(4): 983-991.

ZHANG Kecun,AN Zhishan,HE Mingzhu,ZHANG Lingyun,WANG Jinguo,HOU Yonggang. Aeolian sand environments and disaster prevention along Zhongwei section of the Wuhai-Maqin Highway[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(4): 983-991.

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沙丘数量及比例	沙丘高度					总数/个	平均高度/m	最高高度/m
沙丘数量及比例	0~2 m	2~4 m	4~6 m	5~8 m	>8 m	总数/个	平均高度/m	最高高度/m
数量/个	38	33	37	31	4	143	3.67	9.67
占比/%	26.57	23.08	25.87	21.68	2.80	-	-	-
数量/个	27	63	52	60	9	211	4.32	10.70
占比/%	12.80	29.86	24.64	28.44	4.27	-	-	-
数量/个	38	71	54	47	5	215	3.79	9.12
占比/%	17.67	33.02	25.12	21.86	2.33	-	-	-
数量/个	35	90	86	59	7	277	4.23	10.25
占比/%	12.64	32.49	31.05	21.30	2.53	-	-	-

样地	极细沙/%	细沙/%	中沙/%	粗沙/%	粒度参数
样地	0.063~0.125 mm	0.125~0.250 mm	0.250~0.500 mm	0.500~1.000 mm	平均粒径/mm	分选系数	偏度	峰度
1号	0.75	18.06	73.44	7.75	0.34	0.58	0.32	0.85
2号	7.15	55.31	37.54	0.00	0.22	0.40	0.43	1.01
3号	3.69	30.29	62.75	3.27	0.27	0.70	0.22	0.78
4号	0.60	19.77	79.63	0.00	0.29	0.42	0.41	0.97
5号	10.98	49.57	39.45	0.00	0.21	0.57	0.29	0.82