土体水分潜在蒸发确定方法研究进展

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000-6060.2018.04.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以相关领域关于土体蒸发模型研究成果为基础，结合岩土工程蒸发过程的特点，对确定土体潜在蒸发量方法的发展及现状进行介绍，并对每种理论模型的适用条件及参数的确定等进行分析。结果显示：（1）特定的地区、气候条件下，通过多种理论模型对比分析，确定相对合适的理论模型估算潜在蒸发量是必要的。（2）气象参数的区域性很明显，即使是具有相似气候特征的小区域，不同气象站提供的气象资料反演的气象参数也不相同，故根据气象资料反演得到的气象参数要进行修正。（3）现有蒸发测量技术应用于岩土工程的蒸发测量中有待进一步深入研究发展。提出该课题在岩土工程领域今后的研究方向，包括土体稳定蒸发阶段蒸发机制、蒸发的滞后效应、夜间土体水分变化对蒸发的影响、通用蒸发模型的建立及实测蒸发量的尺度效应等。

关键词: 潜在蒸发, 蒸发过程, 理论模型, 蒸发测量

Abstract: Based on the research achievements on potential evaporation model for soil moisture in related disciplines,and combining with the characteristics of evaporation process in geotechnical engineering field,the advances on determining potential evaporation of soil moisture are summarized,and the application conditions and how to determine the parameters in estimating potential evaporation are analyzed.The knowledge is shown as follows:(1) Under specific climate condition in specific regions,it is necessary to select relatively appropriate theoretical model to estimate potential evaporation by comparing various theoretical models. (2) Meteorological parameters are regional obviously,even in a small region with fairly similar climates,different inversion meteorological parameters could be drawn with meteorological data from different stations,so inversion meteorological parameters should be calibrated. (3) A thorough study should be performed for evaporation measurement technology in geotechnical engineering field.The research topics in geotechnical engineering field in future are provided,including the evaporation mechanism of stable stage,the hysteresis effect of evaporation,the effect of moisture change on evaporation at night,construction of universal soil moisture evaporation theoretical model and the scale effect of evaporation measurement.

Key words: potential evaporation, evaporation process, theoretical model, evaporation measurement

中图分类号:

S152.7.3

夏琼, 王旭, 窦顺, 付晓丹. 土体水分潜在蒸发确定方法研究进展[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 793-801.

XIA Qiong, WANG Xu, DOU Shun, FU Xiao-dan. Advances on determining potential evaporation of soil moisture[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(4): 793-801.

参考文献

[1] 张晓琳,熊立华,林琳,等.五种潜在蒸散发公式在汉江流域的应用[J].干旱区地理,2012,35(2):229-237.[ZHANG Xiaolin,XIONG Lihua,LIN lin,et al.Application of five potential evapotranspiration equations in Hanjiang Basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2012,35(2):229-237.]
[2] 欧阳斌强,唐朝生,王德银,等.土体水分蒸发研究进展[J].岩土力学,2016,37(3):625-636.[OUYANG Binqiang,TANG Chaosheng,WANG Deyin,et al.Advances on soil moisture evaporation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2016,37(3):625-636.]
[3] 宋晓猛,张建云,占车生,等.气候变化和人类活动对水文循环影响研究进展[J].水利学报,2013,44(7):779-790.[SONG Xiaomeng,ZHANG Jianyun,ZHAN Chesheng,et al.Review for impacts of climate change and human activities on water cycle[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,44(7):779-790.]
[4] 张晓.感热平衡原理测定土壤水分蒸发的改进及分解农田蒸散的实验研究[D].北京:中国农业大学,2014.[ZHANG Xiao.Improvement of sensible heat balance theory for determining soil water evaporation and partitioning field evapotranspiration[D].Beijing:China Agricultural University,2014.]
[5] 赵玲玲,夏军,许崇育,等.水文循环模拟中蒸散发估算方法综述[J].地理学报,2013,68(1):127-136.[ZHAO Lingling,XIA Jun,XU Chongyu,et al.A review of evapotranspiration estimation methods in hydrological models[J].Acta Geographica Sinica,2013,68(1):127-136.]
[6] 孟春雷.陆面过程模式中土壤蒸发与水热耦合传输的进一步研究[D].北京:北京师范大学,2006.[MENG Chunlei.Land surface modeling with enhanced considerations of soil evaporation and coupled transport of soil moisture and heat[D].Beijing:Beijing Normal University,2006.]
[7] PHILIP J R.Evaporation and moisture and heat fields in the soil[J].Journal of Meteorology,1957,14:354-366.
[8] IDSO S B,REGINATO R J,JACKSON R D,et al.The three stages of drying of a field soil[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1974,38(5):831-837.
[9] SINGH V P,XU C Y.Evaluation and generalization of 13 mass-transfer equations for determining free water evaporation[J].Hydrological Processes,1997,14:311-323.
[10] BOSEN J F.A formula for approximation of the saturation vapor pressure over water[J].Monthly Weather Review,1960,88(8):275-276.
[11] 史海匀,傅旭东,王远见,等.拉萨河流域蒸发力估算:改进道尔顿模型[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,2012,20(2):219-227.[SHI Haiyun,FU Xudong,WANG Yuanjian,et al.Estimating potential evaporation in Lhasa River Basin:Improved dalton model[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,2012,20(2):219-227.]
[12] 陈惠泉,毛世民.水面蒸发系数全国通用公式的验证[J].水科学进展,1995,6(2):116-120.[CHEN Huiquan,MAO Shimin.Calculation and verification of an universal water surface evaporation coefficient formula[J].Advances in Water Science,1995,6(2):116-120.]
[13] SLAVISA Trajkovic.Temperature-based approaches for estimating reference evapotranspiration[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,2005,131(4):316-323.
[14] ANTONIO Roberto Pereira,WILLIAM Oregon Pruitt.Adaptation of the thornthwaite scheme for estimating daily reference evapotranspiration[J].Agricultural Water Management, 2004,66(3):251-257.
[15] 王永东,邱永志,许波,等.参考作物蒸散量计算方法在极端干旱区的适用性[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):390-396.[WANG Yongdong,QIU Yongzhi,XU Bo,et al.Reference crop evapotranspiration in hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):390-396.]
[16] ALLEN R G.A penman for all seasons[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering,1986,112(4):348-368.
[17] DOORENBOS J,PRUITT W O.Guidelines for predicting crop water requirements,FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 24[M].Rome:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,1977.
[18] XU C Y,SINGH V P.Cross comparison of empirical equations for calculating potential evapotranspiration with data from Switzerland[J].Water Resources Management, 2002,16(3):197-219.
[19] HAMON W R.Estimating potential evapotranspiration[J].Journal of Hydraulics Division Proceeding of ASCE,1961,87:107-120.
[20] HAMON W R.Computation of direct runoff amounts from storm rainfall[J].International Association of Scientific Hydrology,1963,63:52-62.
[21] DOUGLAS E M,JACOBS J M,SUMNER D M,et al.A comparison of models for estimating potential evapotranspiration for Florida land cover types[J].Journal of Hydrology,2009,373(3):366-376.
[22] MONTEITH J L.Evaporation and the environment[C]//XIX Symposium, Society of Experimental Biology.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press,1965:205-234.
[23] ALLEN R G,PEREIRA L S, RAES D,et al.Crop evapotranspiration:Guidelines for computing crop requirements, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No 56[M].Rome:United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization,1998.
[24] PRIESTLEY C H B,TAYLOR R J.On the assessment of surface heat flux and evaporation using large-scale parameters[J].Monthly Weather Review,1972,100(2):81-92.
[25] HARGREAVES G H,SAMANI Z A.Reference crop evapotranspiration from temperature[J].Applied Engineering in Agriculture,1985,1(2):96-99.
[26] ITENFISU D,ELLIOTT R L,ALLEN R G,et al.Comparison of reference evapotranspiration calculations as part of the ASCE standardization effort[J].Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Engineering,2003, 129(6):440-448.
[27] JENSEN M E,BURMAN R D,ALLEN R G.Evapotranspiration and irrigation water requirements:ASCE manuals and reports on engineering practice No.70[M].New York:ASCE,1990.
[28] IRMAK S,HOWELL T A,ALLEN R G,et al.Standardized ASCE penman-monteith:Impact of sum-of-hourly vs.24-hour time step computations at reference weather station sites[J].Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers,2005,48(3):1063-1077.
[29] 赵华.不同尺寸蒸渗仪测定农田蒸散量的对比及冠层阻力的模拟研究[D].南京:南京信息工程大学,2015.[ZHAO Hua.Measurement of crop evapotranspiration via lysimeters with different diameters and simulation of canopy resistance[D].Nanjiang:Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,2015.]
[30] 刘翠红,戴红武,胡艳清,等.蒸渗仪的研究与应用现状[J].农机化研究,2014,(8):228-231.[LIU Cuihong,DEI Hongwu,HU Yanqing,et al.Research and application of the status of lysimeter[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2014,(8):228-231.]
[31] 李王成,王为,冯绍元,等.不同类型微型蒸发器测定土壤蒸发的田间试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(10):6-13.[LI Wangcheng,WANG Wei,FENG Shaoyuan,et al.Field experimental study on the measurement of soil evaporation using different types of micro-lysimeters[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2007,23(10):6-13.]
[32] 信迺诠,王世耆.关于农田蒸发测量方法及其应用的评价[J].干旱地区农业研究,1987,(4):61-68.[XIN Naiquan,WANG Shiqi.Evaluation of the surveying, methods of evaporation and their application to farmlands[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,1987,(4):61-68.]
[33] 王笑影.农田蒸散估算方法研究进展[J].农业系统科学与综合研究,2003,19(2):81-84.[WANG Xiaoying.Study of the estimating methods for evapotranspiration in farmland[J].System Sciences and Comprehensive Studies in Agriculture,2003,19(2):81-84.]
[34] 王毅勇,杨青,张光,等.三江平原大豆田蒸散特征及能量平衡研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2003,11(4):82-86.[WANG Yiyong,YANG Qing,ZHANG Guang,et al.Characteristics of evapotranspiration and energy budget of soybean field in the Sanjiang Plain[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2003,11(4):82-86.]
[35] ROERINK G J,SU Z,MENENTI M.S-SEBI:A simple remote sensing algorithm to estimate the surface energy balance[J].Physics & Chemistry of the Earth Part B Hydrology Oceans & Atmosphere,2000,25(2):147-157.
[36] SU Z.The surface energy balance system (SEBS) for estimation of turbulent heat fluxes[J].Hydrology & Earth System Sciences,2002,6(1):85-99.
[37] 张仁华,孙晓敏,朱治林,等.以微分热惯量为基础的地表蒸发全遥感信息模型及在甘肃沙坡头地区的验证[J].中国科学(D辑),2002,32(12):1041-1050.[ZHANG Renhua,SUN Xiaomin,ZHU Zhilin,et al.A remote sensing model for monitoring soil evaporation based on thermal inertia and its validation[J].Science in China (Series D),2002,32(12):1041-1050.]
[38] 刘晨峰,张志强,查同刚,等.涡度相关法研究土壤水分状况对沙地杨树人工林生态系统能量分配和蒸散日变化的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2549-2557.[LIU Chenfeng,ZHANG Zhiqiang,ZHA Tonggang,et al.Soil moisture affects energy allocation and diurnal evapotranspiration of a poplar plantation:An eddy-covariance-based study[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(8):2549-2557.]
[39] 李思恩,康绍忠,朱治林,等.应用涡度相关技术监测地表蒸发蒸腾量的研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2008,(9):2720-2726.[LI Sien,KANG Shaozhong,ZHU Zhilin,et al.Research progress of measurement of land surface evapotranspiration based on eddy covariance technology[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2008,(9):2720-2726.]
[40] LU Jianbiao,GE Sun,STEVEN G,et al.A comparison of six potential evapotranspiration methods for regional use in the southeastern United States[J].Journal of the American Water Resources Association,2005,41(3):621-633.
[41] 李婉歆.不同岩性饱和裸土潜在蒸发量规律研究[D].西安:长安大学,2017.[LI Wanxi.The law of potential evaporation between different saturated soils[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University, 2017.]
[42] LI Zhaoliang,TANG Ronglin,WAN Zhengming,et al.A review of current methodologies for regional evapotranspiration estimation from remotely sensed data[J].Sensors,2009,(9):3801-3853.