近10 a中亚低涡背景下新疆短时强降水环境场分析

干旱区地理 ›› 2018, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (2): 273-281.

近10 a中亚低涡背景下新疆短时强降水环境场分析

毛列尼·阿依提看¹, 杨莲梅¹, 张云惠², 玉素甫·木沙³

1. 中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830002;
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区气象局气象台, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830002;
3. 中国气象局气象干部培训学院新疆分院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830002

收稿日期:2017-10-26 修回日期:2018-02-24 出版日期:2018-03-25
通讯作者: 杨莲梅(1969-),女,研究员,主要从事灾害性天气研究.E-mail:yanglm@idm.cn
作者简介:毛列尼·阿依提看(1988-),女,实习研究员,主要从事天气气候变化研究.E-mail:271768198@qq.com
基金资助:
科技部公益性行业科研专项（GYHY201506009）；国家自然科学基金项目（41565003）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费（IDM2016001）共同资助

Characteristic analysis of environment of short-time heavy rainfall under the background of the Central Asian Vortex in Xinjiang in recent ten years

AYITKEN Maulen¹, YANG Lian-mei¹, ZHANG Yun-hui², MUSA Yusuf³

1. Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China;
2. Xinjiang Meteorological Observatory, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China;
3. China Meteorological Administration Training Centre Xinjiang Branch, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China

Received:2017-10-26 Revised:2018-02-24 Online:2018-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为更好地把握中亚低涡造成新疆短时强降水天气过程的机理特征，为新疆短时强降水预报预警提供参考和依据，利用FNL资料、探空资料等，运用天气学原理、动力诊断分析方法等，研究了中亚低涡系统不同部位发生的三类短时强降水的环境场特征及环流配置。结论表明：（1）短时强降水发生在500 hPa中亚低涡前部西南气流下为最多。（2） A指数在新疆地区短时强降水降水预报中意义不大。（3）中亚低涡背景下新疆短时强降水天气的配置一般属于高空冷平流强迫类。（4）三类短时强降水形势配置的共性：在低涡背景下，对流层中高层都有显著气流存在，低空有切变线存在，近地面往往有辐合线，700 hPa左右往往有湿舌。异性：第I类短时强降水湿度条件较好，第Ⅱ类短时强降水高低空温差较大，第Ⅲ类短时强降水垂直风切变较强。

关键词: 中亚低涡, 短时强降水, 环境参数, 形势配置

Abstract: The Central Asian Low Vortex often caused many anomalies such as short-time heavy rainfall,low temperature and drought in Xinjiang,China.In order to fully understand the mechanism how a short-time heavy rainfall in Xinjiang is generated under the background of the Central Asian Low Vortex and therefore to provide referential data for the forecast and early warning of a short-time heavy rainfall,this paper analyzed the environmental field characteristics and circulation configurations of three different kinds of short-time heavy rainfall caused by Central Asian Low Vortex in Xinjiang occurred from May to September between 2005 and 2014.Based on the principle of synoptic meteorology and dynamic meteorology,this study conducted the analysis using the observational data,NCEP FNL data and radiosonde data.The result indicates as follows:(1) Most of the short-time heavy rainfalls are of the first type and took place in the southwest airflow in front of the low vortex of 500 hPa.The second type short-time heavy rainfalls come second and they took place in northwest airflow and the third type short-time heavy rainfalls as the least took place in west airflow. (2) The A index changes greatly without rules to follow.Therefore the A index makes no sense in precipitation forecast in Xinjiang. (3) The circulation configuration of the short-time heavy rainfall under the background of Central Asian Low Vortex belongs to the pattern of convective weather caused by upper cold advection. (4) The common ground of the three types of short-time heavy rainfall in the circulation configuration is that there is significant airflow in the upper troposphere,shear lines in the low altitude and east wind convergence line near the ground,and moist tongue at 700 hPa.The difference of the three types of short-time heavy rainfall existed in the circulation configuration.The first type rainfall has significant southwest airflow at 500 hPa and has big moist tongue.The second type rainfall has significant northwest airflow at 500 hPa with a big temperature difference between the high and low altitudes but humidity conditions in general.The third type rainfall has significant west airflow at 500 hPa with a strong vertical wind shear.

Key words: Central Asian Vortex, short-time heavy rainfall, environmental parameters, weather configuration

中图分类号:

P426.6

毛列尼·阿依提看, 杨莲梅, 张云惠, 玉素甫·木沙. 近10 a中亚低涡背景下新疆短时强降水环境场分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 273-281.

AYITKEN Maulen, YANG Lian-mei, ZHANG Yun-hui, MUSA Yusuf. Characteristic analysis of environment of short-time heavy rainfall under the background of the Central Asian Vortex in Xinjiang in recent ten years[J]. 干旱区地理, 2018, 41(2): 273-281.

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