绿洲农户生产效率差异评价及改进策略——以张掖市制种玉米为例

干旱区地理 ›› 2017, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 913-919.

绿洲农户生产效率差异评价及改进策略——以张掖市制种玉米为例

杨肖¹, 钟方雷^1,2, 郭爱君¹

1. 兰州大学经济学院, 甘肃兰州 730000;
2. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院内陆河流域生态水文重点实验室, 甘肃兰州 730000

收稿日期:2017-02-09 修回日期:2017-05-24 出版日期:2017-07-25
通讯作者: 钟方雷,男,博士,助理研究员,主要研究方向为生态经济学.Email:flzhong@lzb.ac.cn
作者简介:杨肖(1993-),女,甘肃甘南人,硕士研究生,研究方向为区域经济学.Email:814981371@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目（41571516）；中国博士后科学基金项目（2016M590980）

Evaluation and improvement of oasis farmer households' production efficiency:a case of seed corn in Zhangye City

YANG Xiao¹, ZHONG Fang-lei^1,2, GUO Ai-jun¹

1. School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China;
2. Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology of Inland River Basin, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Received:2017-02-09 Revised:2017-05-24 Online:2017-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 绿洲农业是中国西北干旱区农业的精华，面临自然要素稀缺和生态环境脆弱的双重限制。基于制种玉米种植农户数据，在采用数据包络分析法（DEA）测算生产效率的基础上，依据测算结果对冗余投入要素进行改进模拟，得出以下结论：该地区制种玉米生产效率均值为0.863 3，且小规模农地效率值最高，大规模农地效率值最低。针对冗余投入要素的改进模拟后，提出了主要针对贡献率高的生产要素优化的建议。

关键词: 农户生产效率, 制种玉米, DEA模型, 规模效益

Abstract: Oasis agriculture is the essence of agriculture in arid areas of northwest China. With the double constraints of scarce natural endowment and fragile ecological environment,the high production efficiency of low investment and high yield is an important way to crack the double limits. Therefore,it is very necessary to evaluate the production efficiency,analyze its influence factors and further put forward the improvement strategies. However,due to the availability of data,the current evaluation of agricultural efficiency is often limited to the macro-regional level and lacks micro-level research. Farmer is the most basic agricultural production units,therefore, to evaluate the production efficiency,summarize the representative area of the oasis agriculture efficiency,and put forward the corresponding improvement measures and policy suggestions from a micro operational level of the farmers' input and output undoubtedly has better operability. Middle Zhangye in Heihe Basin has been developing agriculture since the ancient times,it is a typical representative of the northwest arid oasis agriculture,and the biggest seed corn production base in China. Based on input-output survey statistics of Zhangye,this paper supplemented special surveys. Taking seed corn farmers as the research object,this paper first evaluated the production efficiency of seed corn farms,and analyzed the regional factor and scale factor for the efficiency differences,by using data envelopment analysis(DEA)evaluation method. Results show that the regional average production efficiency was 0.863 3,and the production efficiencies differed at different scales of farmland:production efficiency was up to 0.934 0 in small farmland,0.847 6 in middle-scale farmland,and 0.828 9 in large-scale farmland. Then,based on the results of the CCR model based on input angle,the target value of input elements was used to replace the initial value to reevaluate the efficiency value,finally,the improved percentage of efficiency value were calculated by comparing the improved simulated efficiency value with the initial efficiency value. Results show that for small-scale farmers,enhancement of different input elements to the production efficiency was generally equal,with an average value of about 6%;for the medium scale and large-scale agricultural farmers,the reduction in planting area contributed the most to the increase of production efficiency,which were 12.76% and 15.38%,respectively. Suggestions are:establishing regular efficiency assessment measures,adjusting the planting scale according to the current scale of production,strengthening the infrastructure construction,adjusting cropping system,and improving the utilization efficiency of elements.

Key words: farmer's production efficiency, seed corn, DEA model, economies of scale

中图分类号:

F304.7

杨肖, 钟方雷, 郭爱君. 绿洲农户生产效率差异评价及改进策略——以张掖市制种玉米为例[J]. 干旱区地理, 2017, 40(4): 913-919.

YANG Xiao, ZHONG Fang-lei, GUO Ai-jun. Evaluation and improvement of oasis farmer households' production efficiency:a case of seed corn in Zhangye City[J]. , 2017, 40(4): 913-919.

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