西北地区投入产出效率的综合测度与时空变化

doi:10.12118/j.issn.1000–6060.2021.06.25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在新时代背景下,提高西北地区社会经济和资源环境的投入产出效率,是推动生态文明建设、促进高质量转型发展、保障国家长治久安的必然要求和重要途径。为此,构建了投入产出效率综合测度指标体系,并采用ME-DEA模型、Mann-Kendall趋势检验、空间变异系数等方法,对西北地区2000—2017年投入产出效率的时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：（1）西北地区投入产出总体效率由0.883波动上升至0.975,始终在低水平范围内徘徊,而且整体呈不显著提高态势,仅43.33%的地级行政单元呈显著提高态势。（2）社会经济效率由0.984波动上升至1.079,由低水平过渡至中等水平,整体呈显著提高态势,但仅40.00%的地级行政单元呈显著提高态势。（3）资源环境效率由0.807波动上升至0.897,始终属于低水平,整体呈不显著提高态势,仅31.67%的地级行政单元呈显著提高态势。（4）投入产出总体效率长期呈现低水平和中水平广泛分布而中高和高水平零星分布格局,社会经济效率由低水平广泛分布向各类型基本均衡分布的格局演变,资源环境效率呈现低水平和中水平占绝对主导而中高水平和高水平偶有出现格局。因此,西北地区应建立社会经济与资源环境的良性交互耦合机制,重点补足资源环境效率短板,同时因地制宜施策,促进投入产出效率均衡提升。

关键词: 投入产出效率, 社会经济效率, 资源环境效率, ME-DEA模型, 综合测度

Abstract:

Northwest China is a key area of China’s Western Development Project and the core coverage area of the Belt and Road Initiative. It is also an important area for maintaining China’s national defense and ecological, social, economic, and cultural security. In the new era, improving the input-output efficiency of the social economy as well as the resources and environment in northwest China is an important route to advance the construction of an ecological civilization, promote high-quality transformation development, and guarantee the long-term stability of the country. Therefore, we here constructed a comprehensive index system for measuring the input-output efficiency and used the ME-DEA model and the Mann-Kendall trend test and spatial variability coefficient to analyze the spatiotemporal changes. The results demonstrated the following: (1) The overall input-output efficiency in northwest China fluctuated from 0.883 in 2000 to 0.975 in 2017, hovering within a range of low efficiency the entire time. There was no general improvement trend, with only 43.33% of the prefecture-level regions exhibiting significant improvement. (2) The socioeconomic efficiency in northwest China fluctuated from 0.984 in 2000 to 1.079 in 2017, shifting from a low to a medium level. Though it exhibited a trend of improvement overall, only 40.00% of the prefecture-level regions exhibited significant improvement. (3) The resources and environmental efficiency in northwest China fluctuated from 0.807 in 2000 to 0.897 in 2017, hovering at a low level the entire time and showing little improvement. Only 31.67% of the prefecture-level regions showed significant improvement. (4) The overall input-output efficiency in northwest China exhibited a pattern including a widespread distribution of low and medium efficiency and sporadic distribution of medium-high and high efficiency. The socioeconomic efficiency evolved from a widespread distribution of low efficiency to a basically balanced distribution of all types. The resource and environmental efficiency exhibited a pattern of absolute dominance of low and medium efficiency and the occasional occurrence of medium-high and high efficiency. The above results showed that promoting the input-output efficiency from a low to a high level is an important task for all levels of government in northwest China. Furthermore, a benign interactive coupling mechanism between the social economy and the eco-environment should be established, and making up for the shortcomings of resource and environmental efficiency should be set as a top priority. Specific measures include promoting the transformation of the industrial structure from being resource-intensive to technology-intensive, improving resource use efficiency, and reducing the environmental pollution level as well as gradually getting rid of the strong dependence of socioeconomic development on resource inputs.

Key words: input-output efficiency, socioeconomic efficiency, resources and environmental efficiency, multiplicative environmental data envelopment analysis (ME-DEA) model, comprehensive measurement

鲍超,徐牧天. 西北地区投入产出效率的综合测度与时空变化[J]. 干旱区地理, 2021, 44(6): 1772-1783.

BAO Chao,XU Mutian. Comprehensive measurement and spatiotemporal variations of input-output efficiency in northwest China[J]. Arid Land Geography, 2021, 44(6): 1772-1783.

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指标类型	一级指标	二级指标
投入指标	劳动力	年末从业人员总数
	资本	资本存量
	资源	用水总量
		建设用地规模
		耕地规模
产出指标	合意产出	GDP
	合意产出	粮食产量
	非合意产出	工业废水排放量
		工业SO₂排放量
		CO₂排放量