新疆阿勒泰两河源自然保护区植被信息提取与分析

干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 843-850.

新疆阿勒泰两河源自然保护区植被信息提取与分析

陈艳锋^1,2, 尹林克¹, 曹秋梅³, 王琴³

1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;736100;
2 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
3 新疆农业大学, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2016-02-19 修回日期:2016-05-08 出版日期:2016-07-25
通讯作者: 尹林克.Email:yinlk@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:陈艳锋(1989-),男.硕士在读,主要从事植物资源保护研究.Email:m18699092016@163.com
基金资助:
新疆林木种质资源调查（新疆计字［2015］208号）

Vegetation information extraction and analysis of Xinjiang Altay Two-River Source Nature Reserve

CHEN Yan-feng^1,2, YIN Lin-ke¹, CAO Qiu-mei³, WANG Qin³

1 Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049 China;
3 Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2016-02-19 Revised:2016-05-08 Online:2016-07-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 高山地区地形复杂，植被分布无序，且森林植被光谱信息相近，因而高山植被类型的确定依然成为遥感植被分类的难点。以2014年资源三号卫星影像作为基础数据，分别采用面向对象法和像元法提取了两河源保护区植被信息，并在面向对象法中引入了海拔（DEM）信息辅助分类，基于分类结果，分析讨论了不同植被类型的面积比例和空间分布格局。结果显示：（1）面向对象法的分类精度明显高于像元分类法，总体分类精度达到了93.11%，Kappa系数为0.89。（2）研究区植被类型以针阔混交林和草甸为主，分别占研究区总面积的26.37%和22.87%，灌丛、草原占15.2%和10.98%，水体和高山植被占8.23%和5.57%。（3）针阔混交林主要分布在阴坡或山地河谷，草甸在平原、低地河漫滩、森林、高山均有分布，地带性规律不明显。草原成窄条状、斑块状贯穿整个研究区，灌丛呈块状镶嵌在草原内部。高山植被呈斑块状零散分布于两河源的流石滩、砾石山坡和高山准平原上。（4）研究区发育了5个完整的自然垂直带谱，自下而上依次为草原带、灌丛带、针阔混交林带、草甸带、高山植被带和冰川积雪带。

关键词: 两河源保护区, 信息提取, 遥感植被分类, 植被空间分布

Abstract: Based on the "ZY 3" satellite image data,this paper extracted vegetation information of Two-River Source Nature Reserve which has complex terrain and diverse vegetation types by using the pixel classification and object classification methods. With the object classification method,the altitude information(DEM) was then introduced to further analyze the area ratio and spatial distribution pattern of different vegetation types. The results show as follows:(1) the classification accuracy of object classification reached up to 93.11%,which was significantly higher than that of the pixel classification in the varied vegetation types of alpine region;(2) according to the classification results,the study area was mainly characterized by mixed broadleaf-conifer forest and meadow,accounting for 26.37% and 22.87% of the total area,respectively;the area ratio of shrub,grassland,water body and alpine vegetation were 15.2%,10.98%,8.23% and 5.57%,respectively;(3) mixed broadleaf-conifer forest mainly distributed in shady slope or mountain valley,while meadow in plain,lowland floodplain,forest and alp,showing no significant zonality;grassland run in strips and patches across the whole area,shrub distributed in bulk inside the grassland;alpine vegetation scattered in patches in the alpine screes,gravel slopes and alpine peneplain;(4) there were five complete natural vertical bands,from high to low,they were ranked as:grassland, shrub,mixed broadleaf-conifer forest,meadow,alpine vegetation and glacier snow. The above results reveal that there are 7 kinds of object information in this area,the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of vegetation are similar to that in the south slope of Altay Mountains,but have its own characteristics due to the influence of micro topography and local micro climate. In the later research,if season information was to be introduced into classification,not only the classification accuracy of complex terrain vegetation will be improved,but also the secondary vegetation types in hierarchical classification can be studied,it can also provide technical support for Altai Mountains natural vegetation research and protection.

Key words: Two-River Source Nature Reserve, information extraction, remote sensing of vegetation classification, spatial distribution of vegetation

中图分类号:

TP79

陈艳锋, 尹林克, 曹秋梅, 王琴. 新疆阿勒泰两河源自然保护区植被信息提取与分析[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(4): 843-850.

CHEN Yan-feng, YIN Lin-ke, CAO Qiu-mei, WANG Qin. Vegetation information extraction and analysis of Xinjiang Altay Two-River Source Nature Reserve[J]. , 2016, 39(4): 843-850.

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