公格尔九别峰冰川跃动无人机灾害监测与评估

干旱区地理 ›› 2016, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 378-386.

公格尔九别峰冰川跃动无人机灾害监测与评估

李均力¹, 陈曦¹, 包安明¹, 沈占锋², 季顺平³

1 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011;
2 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所, 北京 100101;
3 武汉大学遥感信息工程学院, 湖北武汉 430079

收稿日期:2015-11-05 修回日期:2016-01-09 出版日期:2016-03-25
通讯作者: 陈曦(1964-), 男, 研究员, 主要从事中亚干旱区水资源变化研究. Email: chenxi@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:李均力(1980-), 男, 副研究员, 博士, 主要从事遥感信息提取、干旱区水资源与湖泊变化机理研究. Email: lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院重点部署项目(KZZD-EW-08-02-02); 国家自然科学基金(U1178302, 41101041)

Glacier hazard emergency monitoring of the Jiubie Peak in Kongur Mountains using unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry

LI Jun-li¹, CHEN Xi¹, BAO An-ming¹, SHEN Zhan-feng², JI Shun-ping³

1 Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
2 Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
3 School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, Hubei, China

Received:2015-11-05 Revised:2016-01-09 Online:2016-03-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 由气候变暖引起的新疆山区冰川灾害事件近年来有增加的趋势, 开展冰川灾害监测对保障下游居民安全和道路通行具有重要的意义. 以无人机航空摄影测量的高分正射影像和数字高程模型为数据源, 结合实地考察资料开展公格尔九别峰北侧冰川跃动灾害监测研究, 并分别对房屋受灾、地质滑坡、堰塞湖和冰川移动体积等灾害信息进行调查与评估. 研究发现, 无人机可实现对灾害信息的精准制图和全面调查分析. 由于冰川快速向下滑移造成冰川下部快速抬升, 从冰川滑落的冰石碎块造成冰川周边的16处房屋畜舍损毁和3处地质滑坡. 抬升的冰川由于碰撞和挤压逐渐碎裂, 在低洼的地带形成6个堰塞湖. 与2007年地形图相比, 九别峰北部冰川跃动区域面积7.27km², 冰川平均抬升高度32.3m, 并且从上到下逐渐增加, 最高处达97.7m, 进而研究区内冰川体积增加2.35×10⁸m³. 本次冰川跃动造成的灾害损失相对轻微, 然而现阶段冰川仍处于快速跃动的形态, 对下游的安全存在潜在的风险. 未来仍需进一步开展冰川跃动、冰崩及堰塞湖定点监测和灾害预报预警.

关键词: 冰川跃动, 无人机, 灾害监测, 公格尔九别峰

Abstract: Global warming leads to accelerated glacier melting rates, which increases glacier hazard events such as glacier collapse, glacial lake outburst flood, glacier landslide etc. Therefore, rapid glacier disaster information extraction is of great significance for hazard protection and emergency rescue. The unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV) provides a quick response, low cost and high resolution remote sensing technology for disaster surveying and dynamic monitoring in complex terrain environments. Since May 2015, the continuous glacier surging in the Jiubie Peak of Kongur Mountains, Aketao County, Xinjiang, China, leads to property losses and potential geological hazards. As the data quality of high-resolution satellite images does not meet the requirements of glacier disaster investigation, in this paper, UAV photogrammetry is used to map the glacier surging area, and hazard information such as destroyed houses, landslides, barrier lakes and changing glacier volumes are investigated and evaluated with the field data. The results showed that, UAVs perform well on precise mapping and comprehensive investigation of hazard information. The glacier in the north slope of Jiubie Peak in Kongur Mountains is surging in a rapid rate since February 2015, and it uplifts quickly by collision and extrusion of another glacier developed from the north slope of Kongur Peak in the Kongur Mountains. Many rocks and ice blocks in the raising glacier drop off and hit the houses around the moraines, and about 16 houses are destroyed, 3 landslides are found near the glacier bends. The uplifted glaciers are cracked under great pressure into ice crevasses, and 6 barrier lakes are formed in low-lying areas. Compared with terrain map in 2007, the glacier surging area has an extent of 7.27km², and the uplift height is increasing from the upstream to downstream, the average uplift height is 32.3 m, and the maximum figure is 97.70m, the increased glacier volume in the glacier surging region has an area of 3.25×10⁹ m³. The paper firstly used UAV as a test to investigate glacier hazard loss, providing accurate geographic information for government's loss evaluation and rescue decision making. Although the damage loss caused by this glacier hazard event is relatively minor, the glacier is still in a state of rapid movement, and the risk of potential hazard is increasing. Hence, glacier surging, icefalls and barrier lakes need intensive studies in future.

Key words: glacier surging, unmanned aerial vehicle, hazard emergency monitoring, Jiubie Peak of Kongur Mountains

中图分类号:

P343.6

李均力, 陈曦, 包安明, 沈占锋, 季顺平. 公格尔九别峰冰川跃动无人机灾害监测与评估[J]. 干旱区地理, 2016, 39(2): 378-386.

LI Jun-li, CHEN Xi, BAO An-ming, SHEN Zhan-feng, JI Shun-ping. Glacier hazard emergency monitoring of the Jiubie Peak in Kongur Mountains using unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry[J]. , 2016, 39(2): 378-386.

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